Social innovation enablers to unlock a low energy demand future

We initiate the process of developing a comprehensive low energy demand (LED) innovation narrative by applying the framework 'Functions of Innovation Systems' (FIS) and identifying the key conditions under which technology interventions can be improved and scaled up over the next three decades to contribute to climate change mitigation. Several studies have argued that the potential for LED-focused mitigation is much larger than previously portrayed and have shown that adopting a wide variety of energy-reducing activities would achieve emissions reductions compatible with a 1.5 C temperature target. Yet, how realistic achieving such a scenario might be or what processes would need to be in place to create a pathway to a LED outcome in mid-century, remain overlooked. This study contributes to understanding LED's mitigation potential by outlining narratives of LED innovation in three end-use sectors: industry, transport, and buildings. Our analysis relies on the FIS approach to assess three innovations in these sectors. A key insight is that the distinct characteristics of LED technology make enabling social innovations crucial for their widespread adoption. Finally, we identify a set of eight social enablers required for unlocking LED pathways.