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IRIS Institutional Research Information System - OPENBS Open Archive UniBS
The genetic make-up of an individual contributes to the susceptibility and response to viral infection. Although environmental, clinical and social factors have a role in the chance of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-191,2, host genetics may also be important. Identifying host-specific genetic factors may reveal biological mechanisms of therapeutic relevance and clarify causal relationships of modifiable environmental risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes. We formed a global network of researchers to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Here we describe the results of three genome-wide association meta-analyses that consist of up to 49,562 patients with COVID-19 from 46 studies across 19 countries. We report 13 genome-wide significant loci that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe manifestations of COVID-19. Several of these loci correspond to previously documented associations to lung or autoimmune and inflammatory diseases3-7. They also represent potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection. Mendelian randomization analyses support a causal role for smoking and body-mass index for severe COVID-19 although not for type II diabetes. The identification of novel host genetic factors associated with COVID-19 was made possible by the community of human genetics researchers coming together to prioritize the sharing of data, results, resources and analytical frameworks. This working model of international collaboration underscores what is possible for future genetic discoveries in emerging pandemics, or indeed for any complex human disease.
Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19
Mari E. K. Niemi;Juha Karjalainen;Rachel G. Liao;Benjamin M. Neale;Mark Daly;Andrea Ganna;Gita A. Pathak;Shea J. Andrews;Masahiro Kanai;Kumar Veerapen;Israel Fernandez-Cadenas;Eva C. Schulte;Pasquale Striano;Minttu Marttila;Camelia Minica;Eirini Marouli;Mohd Anisul Karim;Frank R. Wendt;Jeanne Savage;Laura Sloofman;Guillaume Butler-Laporte;Han-Na Kim;Stavroula Kanoni;Yukinori Okada;Jinyoung Byun;Younghun Han;Mohammed Jashim Uddin;George Davey Smith;Cristen J. Willer;Joseph D. Buxbaum;Juha Mehtonen;Hilary Finucane;Mattia Cordioli;Alicia R. Martin;Wei Zhou;Bogdan Pasaniuc;Hanna Julienne;Hugues Aschard;Huwenbo Shi;Loic Yengo;Renato Polimanti;Maya Ghoussaini;Jeremy Schwartzentruber;Ian Dunham;Karolina Chwialkowska;Margherita Francescatto;Amy Trankiem;Mary K. Balaconis;Lea Davis;Sulggi Lee;James Priest;Alessandra Renieri;Vijay G. Sankaran;David van Heel;Patrick Deelen;J. Brent Richards;Tomoko Nakanishi;Les Biesecker;V. Eric Kerchberger;J. Kenneth Baillie;Francesca Mari;Anna Bernasconi;Stefano Ceri Baillie;Arif Canakoglu;Brooke Wolford;Annika Faucon;Atanu Kumar Dutta;Claudia Schurmann;Emi Harry;Ewan Birney;Huy Nguyen;Jamal Nasir;Mari Kaunisto;Matthew Solomonson;Nicole Dueker;Nirmal Vadgama;Sophie Limou;Souad Rahmouni;Hamdi Mbarek;Dima Darwish;Md Mesbah Uddin;Raquel Albertos;Jordi P??rez-Tur;Ruolin Li;Lasse Folkersen;Ida Moltke;Nils Koelling;Alexander Teumer;Athanasios Kousathanas;Alicia Utrilla;Ricardo A. Verdugo;Ruth Z??rate;Carolina Medina-G??mez;David G??mez-Cabrero;Elena Carnero-Montoro;Carmen L. Cadilla;Andr??s Moreno-Estrada;Adriana Garmendia;Leire Moya;Bahar Sedaghati-Khayat;Palwend?? Romuald Boua;Marie-Julie Fav??;Laurent Francioli;Audrey Lema??on;Isabelle Migeotte;Sanjay Patel;Reka Varnai;Jozsef L. Szentpeteri;Csilla Sipeky;Francesca Colombo;Kathrin von Hohenstaufen;Pietro Lio;Costanza Vallerga;Qingbo Wang;Yosuke Tanigawa;Hogune Im;Chulho Han;Han Song;Jiwoo Lim;Younhe Lee;Sugyeong Kim;Sangyoon Im;Biljana Atanasovska;Hajar Fauzan Ahmad;Cindy Boer;Philip Jansen;Lude Franke;El??bieta Kaja;Dorota Pasko;Ingrid Kennis-Szilagyi;Sergey A. Kornilov;Vid Prijatelj;Ivana Proki??;Ilangkumaran Sivanadhan;Sarala Perumal;Sahar Esmaeeli;Nathaniel M. Pearson;Adam Auton;Janie F. Shelton;Anjali J. Shastri;Teresa Filshtein-Sonmez;Daniella Coker;Antony Symons;Jorge Esparza-Gordillo;Stella Aslibekyan;Jared O???Connell;Chelsea Ye;Catherine H. Weldon;Minoli Perera;Kevin O???Leary;Matthew Tuck;Travis O???Brien;David Meltzer;Peter O???Donnell;Edith Nutescu;Guang Yang;Cristina Alarcon;Stefanie Herrmann;Sophia Mazurek;Jeff Banagan;Zacharia Hamidi;April Barbour;Noora Raffat;Diana Moreno;Paula Friedman;Bart Ferwerda;Diederik van de Beek;Matthijs C. Brouwer;Alexander P. J. Vlaar;W. Joost Wiersinga;Danielle Posthuma;Elleke Tissink;A. H. Koos Zwinderman;Emil Uffelmann;Michiel van Agtmael;Anne Geke Algera;Frank van Baarle;Diane Bax;Martijn Beudel;Harm Jan Bogaard;Marije Bomers;Peter I. Bonta;Lieuwe Bos;Michela Botta;Justin de Brabander;Godelieve de Bree;Sanne de Bruin;Marianna Bugiani;Esther Bulle;Osoul Chouchane;Alex Cloherty;Dave Dongelmans;Paul Elbers;Lucas Fleuren;Suzanne Geerlings;Bart Geerts;Theo Geijtenbeek;Armand Girbes;Bram Goorhuis;Martin P. Grobusch;Florianne Hafkamp;Laura Hagens;Jorg Hamann;Vanessa Harris;Robert Hemke;Sabine M. Hermans;Leo Heunks;Markus Hollmann;Janneke Horn;Joppe W. Hovius;Menno D. de Jong;Rutger Koning;Niels van Mourik;Jeannine Nellen;Esther J. Nossent;Frederique Paulus;Edgar Peters;Tom van der Poll;Bennedikt Preckel;Jan M. Prins;Jorinde Raasveld;Tom Reijnders;Michiel Schinkel;Marcus J. Schultz;Alex Schuurman;Kim Sigaloff;Marry Smit;Cornelis S. Stijnis;Willemke Stilma;Charlotte Teunissen;Patrick Thoral;Anissa Tsonas;Marc van der Valk;Denise Veelo;Heder de Vries;Mich??le van Vugt;Dorien Wouters;Ren?? P. Minnaar;Adrie Kromhout;Kees W. J. van Uffelen;Ruud A. Wolterman;Genevieve Roberts;Danny Park;Catherine A. Ball;Marie Coignet;Shannon McCurdy;Spencer Knight;Raghavendran Partha;Brooke Rhead;Miao Zhang;Nathan Berkowitz;Michael Gaddis;Keith Noto;Luong Ruiz;Milos Pavlovic;Eurie L. Hong;Kristin Rand;Ahna Girshick;Harendra Guturu;Asher Haug Baltzell;Souad Rahmouni;Julien Guntz;Yves Beguin;Sara Pigazzini;Lindokuhle Nkambule;Youssef Bouysran;Adeline Busson;Xavier Peyrassol;Fran??oise Wilkin;Bruno Pichon;Guillaume Smits;Isabelle Vandernoot;Jean-Christophe Goffard;Michel Georges;Michel Moutschen;Benoit Misset;Gilles Darcis;Julien Guiot;Laurent Jadot;Samira Azarzar;Patricia Dellot;St??phanie Gofflot;Sabine Claassen;Axelle Bertrand;Gilles Parzibut;Mathilde Clarinval;Catherine Moermans;Olivier Malaise;Kamilia El Kandoussi;Rapha??l Thonon;Pascale Huynen;Alyssia Mesdagh;Sofia Melo;Nicolas Jacques;Emmanuel Di Valentin;Fran??ois Giroule;Alice Collignon;Coraline Radermecker;Marielle Lebrun;H??l??ne Per??e;Samuel Latour;Olivia Barada;Judit Sanchez;Claire Josse;Bouchra Boujemla;Margot Meunier;Emeline Mariavelle;Sandy Anania;H??l??ne Gazon;Danusia Juszczak;Marjorie Fadeur;S??verine Camby;Christelle Meuris;Marie Thys;Jessica Jacques;Monique Henket;Philippe L??onard;Frederic Frippiat;Jean-Baptiste Giot;Anne-Sophie Sauvage;Christian Von Frenckell;Myriam Mni;Marie W??ry;Alicia Staderoli;Yasmine Belhaj;Bernard Lambermont;David R. Morrison;Vincent Mooser;Vincenzo Forgetta;Rui Li;Biswarup Ghosh;Laetitia Laurent;Alexandre Belisle;Danielle Henry;Tala Abdullah;Olumide Adeleye;Noor Mamlouk;Nofar Kimchi;Zaman Afrasiabi;Nardin Rezk;Branka Vulesevic;Meriem Bouab;Charlotte Guzman;Louis Petitjean;Chris Tselios;Xiaoqing Xue;Jonathan Afilalo;Marc Afilalo;Maureen Oliveira;Bluma Brenner;Nathalie Brassard;Madeleine Durand;Erwin Schurr;Pierre Lepage;Jiannis Ragoussis;Daniel Auld;Micha??l Chass??;Daniel E. Kaufmann;G. Mark Lathrop;Darin Adra;Lea K. Davis;Nancy J. Cox;Jennifer E. Below;Julia M. Sealock;Annika B. Faucon;Megan M. Shuey;Hannah G. Polikowsky;Lauren E. Petty;Douglas M. Shaw;Hung-Hsin Chen;Wanying Zhu;Kerstin U. Ludwig;Julia Schr??der;Carlo Maj;Selina Rolker;Markus M. N??then;Julia Fazaal;Verena Keitel;Bj??rn-Erik Ole Jensen;Torsten Feldt;Ingo Kurth;Nikolaus Marx;Michael Dreher;Isabell Pink;Markus Cornberg;Thomas Illig;Clara Lehmann;Philipp Schommers;Max Augustin;Jan Rybniker;Lisa Knopp;Thomas Eggermann;Sonja Volland;Janine Altm??ller;Marc M. Berger;Thorsten Brenner;Anke Hinney;Oliver Witzke;Robert Bals;Christian Herr;Nicole Ludwig;J??rn Walter;Christian Fuchsberger;Cristian Pattaro;Alessandro De Grandi;Peter Pramstaller;David Emmert;Roberto Melotti;Luisa Foco;Deborah Mascalzoni;Martin G??gele;Francisco Domingues;Andrew Hicks;Christopher R. Gignoux;Stephen J. Wicks;Kristy Crooks;Kathleen C. Barnes;Michelle Daya;Jonathan Shortt;Nicholas Rafaels;Sameer Chavan;David B. Goldstein;Krzysztof Kiryluk;Soumitra Sengupta;Wendy Chung;Muredach P. Reilly;Atlas Khan;Chen Wang;Gundula Povysil;Nitin Bhardwaj;Ali G. Gharavi;Iuliana Ionita-Laza;Ning Shang;Sheila M. O???Byrne;Renu Nandakumar;Amritha Menon;Yat S. So;Eldad Hod;Danielle Pendrick;Han-Na Kim;Soo-Kyung Park;Hyung-Lae Kim;Chang Kyung Kang;Hyo-Jung Lee;Kyoung-Ho Song;Kyung Jae Yoon;Nam-Jong Paik;Woojin Seok;Heejun Yoon;Eun-Jeong Joo;Yoosoo Chang;Seungho Ryu;Wan Beom Park;Jeong Su Park;Kyoung Un Park;Sin Young Ham;Jongtak Jung;Eu Suk Kim;Hong Bin Kim;David Ellinghaus;Frauke Degenhardt;Mario C??ceres;Simonas Juzenas;Tobias L. Lenz;Agust??n Albillos;Antonio Juli??;Bettina Heidecker;Federico Garcia;Florian Kurth;Florian Tran;Frank Hanses;Heinz Zoller;Jan C. Holter;Javier Fern??ndez;Leif Erik Sander;Philip Rosenstiel;Philipp Koehler;Rafael de Cid;Rosanna Asselta;Stefan Schreiber;Ute Hehr;Daniele Prati;Guido Baselli;Luca Valenti;Luis Bujanda;Jesus M. Banales;Stefano Duga;Mauro D???Amato;Manuel Romero-G??mez;Maria Buti;Pietro Invernizzi;Andre Franke;Johannes R. Hov;Tom H. Karlsen;Trine Folseraas;Douglas Maya-Miles;Ana Teles;Clinton Azuure;Eike Matthias Wacker;Florian Uellendahl-Werth;Hesham ElAbd;Jatin Arora;Jon Lerga-Jaso;Lars Wienbrandt;Malte Christoph R??hlemann;Mareike Wendorff;May Sissel Vadla;Ole Bernt Lenning;Onur ??zer;Ronny Myhre;Soumya Raychaudhuri;Anja Tanck;Christoph Gassner;Georg Hemmrich-Stanisak;Jan K??ssens;Maria E. Figuera Basso;Martin Schulzky;Michael Wittig;Nicole Braun;Tanja Wesse;Wolfgang Albrecht;Xiaoli Yi;Aaron Blandino Ortiz;Adolfo Garrido Chercoles;Agust??n Ruiz;Alberto Mantovani;Aleksander Rygh Holten;Alena Mayer;Alessandro Cherubini;Alessandro Protti;Alessio Aghemo;Alessio Gerussi;Alfredo Ramirez;Alice Braun;Ana Barreira;Ana Lleo;Anders Benjamin Kildal;Andreas Gl??ck;Anna Carreras Nolla;Anna Latiano;Anne Ma Dyrhol-Riise;Antonio Muscatello;Antonio Voza;Ariadna Rando-Segura;Aurora Solier;Banasik Karina;Beatriz Cortes;Beatriz Mateos;Beatriz Nafria-Jimenez;Benedikt Schaefer;Carla Bellinghausen;Carlos Ferrando;Carmen Quereda;Carsten Skurk;Charlotte Thibeault;Christoph D. Spinner;Christoph Lange;Cinzia Hu;Claudio Cappadona;Cristiana Bianco;Cristina Sancho;Dag Arne Lihaug Hoff;Daniela Galimberti;David Jim??nez;David Pesta??a;David Toapanta;Elena Azzolini;Elio Scarpini;Elisa T. Helbig;Eloisa Urrechaga;Elvezia Maria Paraboschi;Emanuele Pontali;Enric Reverter;Enrique Navas;Eunate Arana;F??lix Garc??a S??nchez;Ferruccio Ceriotti;Francesco Malvestiti;Francisco Mesonero;Gianni Pezzoli;Giuseppe Lamorte;Holger Neb;Ilaria My;Isabel Hern??ndez;Itziar de Rojas;Iv??n Galv??n-Femenia;Jan Heyckendorf;Jan Rybniker;Joan Ramon Badia;Jochen Schneider;Josune Goikoetxea;Julia Kraft;Karl Erik M??ller;Karoline I. Gaede;Koldo Garcia-Etxebarria;Kristian Tonby;Lars Heggelund;Laura Izquierdo-Sanchez;Lauro Sumoy;Lena J. Lippert;Leonardo Terranova;Lucia Garbarino;Luis T??llez;Luisa Roade;Mahnoosh Ostadreza;Maider Intxausti;Manolis Kogevinas;Mar??a A. Guti??rrez-Stampa;Maria J. G. T. Vehreschild;Marta Marqui??;Massimo Castoldi;Maurizio Cecconi;Merc?? Boada;Michael J. Seilmaier;Michela Mazzocco;Miguel Rodr??guez-Gand??a;Natale Imaz Ayo;Natalia Blay;Nilda Mart??nez;Oliver A. Cornely;Orazio Palmieri;Paolo Tentorio;Pedro M. Rodrigues;Pedro P. Espa??a;Per Hoffmann;Petra Bacher;Phillip Suwalski;Ra??l de Pablo;Rosa Nieto;Salvatore Badalamenti;Sandra Ciesek;Sara Bombace;Sibylle Wilfling;S??ren Brunak;Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach;Stephan Ripke;Thomas Bahmer;Ulf Landmesser;Ulrike Protzer;Valeria Rimoldi;Vegard Skogen;Victor Andrade;Victor Moreno;Wolfgang Poller;Xavier Farre;Xiaomin Wang;Yascha Khodamoradi;Zehra Karadeniz;Adolfo de Salazar;Adriana Palom;Alba-Estela Garcia-Fernandez;Albert Blanco-Grau;Alberto Zanella;Alessandra Bandera;Almut Nebel;Andrea Biondi;Andrea Caballero-Garralda;Andrea Gori;Andreas Lind;Anna Ludovica Fracanzani;Anna Peschuck;Antonio Pesenti;Carmen de la Horra;Chiara Milani;Cinzia Paccapelo;Claudio Angelini;Cristina Cea;Eduardo Mu??iz-Diaz;Elena Sandoval;Enrique J. Calder??n;Erik Sollig??rd;F??tima Aziz;Filippo Martinelli-Boneschi;Flora Peyvandi;Francesco Blasi;Francisco J. Medrano;Francisco Rodriguez-Frias;Fredrik M??ller;Giacomo Grasselli;Giorgio Costantino;Giulia Cardamone;Giuseppe Foti;Giuseppe Matullo;Hayato Kurihara;Jan Egil Afset;Jan Kristian Dam??s;Javier Ampuero;Javier Mart??n;Jeanette Erdmann;Jonas Bergan;Siegfried Goerg;Jose Ferrusqu??a-Acosta;Jose Hern??ndez Quero;Juan Delgado;Juan M. Guerrero;Kari Risnes;Laura Rachele Bettini;Leticia Moreira;Lise Tuset Gustad;Luigi Santoro;Luigia Scudeller;Mar Riveiro-Barciela;Marco Schaefer;Maria Carrabba;Maria G. Valsecchi;Mar??a Hernandez-Tejero;Marialbert Acosta-Herrera;Mariella D???Angi??;Marina Baldini;Marina Cazzaniga;Michele Ciccarelli;Monica Bocciolone;Monica Miozzo;Natalia Chueca;Nicola Montano;Paola Faverio;Paoletta Preatoni;Paolo Bonfanti;Paolo Omodei;Pedro Castro;Ricard Ferrer;Roberta Gualtierotti;Roc??o Gallego-Dur??n;Rub??n Morilla;Sammra Haider;Sara Marsal;Serena Aneli;Serena Pelusi;Silvano Bosari;Stefano Aliberti;Susanne Dudman;Tenghao Zheng;Tomas Pumarola;Trinidad Gonzalez Cejudo;Valter Monzani;Vicente Friaza;Wolfgang Peter;Ximo Dopazo;Stefano Duga;Sandra May;Marit M. Grimsrud;Daniel F. Gudbjartsson;Kari Stefansson;Patrick Sulem;Gardar Sveinbjornsson;Pall Melsted;Gudmundur Norddahl;Kristjan Helgi Swerford Moore;Unnur Thorsteinsdottir;Hilma Holm;Marta E. Alarc??n-Riquelme;David Bernardo;Manuel Mart??nez-Bueno;Silvia Rojo Rello;Reedik Magi;Lili Milani;Andres Metspalu;Triin Laisk;Kristi L??ll;Maarja Lepamets;T??nu Esko;Ene Reimann;Paul Naaber;Edward Laane;Jaana Pesukova;P??rt Peterson;Kai Kisand;Jekaterina Tabri;Raili Allos;Kati Hensen;Joel Starkopf;Inge Ringmets;Anu Tamm;Anne Kallaste;Helene Alavere;Kristjan Metsalu;Mairo Puusepp;Kati Kristiansson;Sami Koskelainen;Markus Perola;Kati Donner;Katja Kivinen;Aarno Palotie;Aarno Palotie;Carlo Rivolta;Pierre-Yves Bochud;St??phanie Bibert;No??mie Boillat;Semira Gonseth Nussle;Werner Albrich;Mathieu Quinodoz;Dhryata Kamdar;No??mie Suh;Dionysios Neofytos;V??ronique Erard;Cathy Voide;P. Y. Bochud;C. Rivolta;S. Bibert;M. Quinodoz;D. Kamdar;D. Neofytos;V. Erard;C. Voide;R. Friolet;P. Vollenweider;J. L. Pagani;M. Oddo;F. Meyer zu Bentrup;A. Conen;