Branch-like NiO/ZnO heterostructures for VOC sensing

We report for the first time on the synthesis of NiO/ZnO one-dimensional (1D) nanowire (NW) based heterostructures by applying a suitable methodology of transport and condensation. The synthesis involves, firstly the growth of NiO NWs on gold (Au) catalyzed alumina substrates using the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism and then the formation of ZnO NWs directly on the NiO NWs using the vapor-solid (VS) mechanism. Sequential evaporation–condensation over Au-seeded alumina promotes the formation of NiO NWs, driven by the VLS growth mechanism. These NiO NWs act as backbones for the condensation of epitaxial ZnO nanostructures. The detailed morphological study of these heterostructures reveals that ZnO nanowires completely cover the whole NiO nanowires completely and growing out in the form of flat leaves from the NiO nanowire branches. The diameters of the NiO NWs have been found to vary from 15 nm to 60 nm. Selected area electron diffraction data (SAED) indicate an epitaxial growth of ZnO nanowires along (101)-planes on the strongly oriented NiO nanowires along (200) crystallographic planes. Finally, NiO NW and NiO/ZnO heterostructure based conductometric gas sensing devices have been fabricated and the comparison between their sensing performances have been compared. Interestingly, NiO/ZnO NWs heterostructure based sensing devices shows superior performance compared to NiO sensors toward volatile organic compounds (VOC).