The Properties and Applicability of Bioprinting in the Field of Maxillofacial Surgery

Perhaps the most innovative branch of medicine is represented by regenerative medicine. It deals with regenerating or replacing tissues damaged by disease or aging. The innovative frontier of this branch is represented by bioprinting. This technology aims to reconstruct tissues, organs, and anatomical structures, such as those in the head and neck region. This would mean revolutionizing therapeutic and surgical approaches in the management of multiple conditions in which a conspicuous amount of tissue is lost. The application of bioprinting for the reconstruction of anatomical areas removed due to the presence of malignancy would represent a revolutionary new step in personalized and precision medicine. This review aims to investigate recent advances in the use of biomaterials for the reconstruction of anatomical structures of the head–neck region, particularly those of the oral cavity. The characteristics and properties of each biomaterial currently available will be presented, as well as their potential applicability in the reconstruction of areas affected by neoplasia damaged after surgery. In addition, this study aims to examine the current limitations and challenges and to analyze the future prospects of this technology in maxillofacial surgery.