Sustainable development has become an increasingly pressing global issue, with firms and governments seeking to balance economic, social, and environmental factors. However, there is a lack of knowledge on how to reach sustainable development effectively and which are the best policies that firms must adopt. One possible solution is eco-innovation. Eco-innovation can be a powerful tool for firms to pursue sustainable development that aligns with their long-term business goals and stakeholder expectations. By integrating sustainability principles into their innovation processes, firms can reduce environmental impact, improve resource efficiency, enhance reputation, and differentiate from competitors. In this context, this Ph.D. thesis aims to identify firms' policies favorable to eco-innovation. The thesis is structured around three main themes: gender diversity in corporate governance and eco-innovation, family firms and eco-innovation, internationalization strategies and eco-innovation. The first study examines the relationship between gender diversity on the board of directors and eco-innovation and the moderating role of the cultural context in five European countries. These countries adopt different policies regarding the presence of women directors. The results show a negative relationship between gender diversity on boards and eco-innovation. Contexts with high levels of gender inequality negatively moderate the effect of gender diversity on eco-innovation. The second study analyzes the effect of family ownership on eco-innovation in Italian firms. Italy demonstrates with concrete actions its willingness to pursue sustainable development in response to growing stakeholder expectations and the challenging goals set by Agenda 2030. The study, through the Socio-Emotional Wealth framework, focuses on the mechanisms that make family firms unique, such as a long-term orientation, stakeholders’ connection, and family image and reputation. The results find that family firms are more likely to engage in eco-innovation than non-family firms, as family ownership can be a source of competitive advantage for eco-innovation. Moreover, the findings demonstrate that family firms have both the ability and the motivation to develop eco-innovation, overcoming the Ability and Willingness paradox. The third study explores the relationship between internationalization and eco-innovation in Italian firms. The study focuses on one specific mechanism through which firms internationalize, Foreign Direct Investment. The results find a positive relationship between internationalization and eco-innovation and conclude that firms need to diversify investment destinations rather than concentrate their international effort in a single country. In conclusion, the three studies contribute to the understanding of how firms can develop sustainable models and provide insights into the impact of different policies: gender diversity in corporate governance can be a driver of eco-innovation; family ownership can be a source of competitive advantage for eco-innovation; internationalization and international diversification facilitate the process of eco-innovation. The research findings are relevant for the management of firms and to inform policymakers and practitioners about the potential benefits and challenges of sustainability and how to design and implement effective sector policies to achieve sustainable development goals.
Lo sviluppo sostenibile è oggi un problema globale sempre più pressante, con imprese e governi che cercano di bilanciare aspetti economici, sociali e ambientali. Come implementare efficacemente modelli di sviluppo sostenibile e quali siano le migliori politiche che le imprese devono adottare restano concetti ancora da esplorare. Una possibile soluzione è l'eco-innovazione. L'eco-innovazione può essere un potente strumento per le imprese per perseguire lo sviluppo sostenibile in linea con i loro obiettivi economici di lungo termine e con le aspettative degli stakeholder. Integrando i principi della sostenibilità nei loro processi di innovazione, le imprese possono ridurre il loro impatto ambientale, migliorare l'efficienza delle risorse, migliorare la loro reputazione e differenziarsi dai concorrenti. In questo contesto, la presente tesi di dottorato mira a identificare le politiche delle imprese favorevoli all'eco-innovazione. La tesi è strutturata su tre temi principali: la diversità di genere nella governance aziendale e l'eco-innovazione, le imprese familiari e l'eco-innovazione e le strategie di internazionalizzazione e l'eco-innovazione. Il primo studio esamina la relazione tra la diversità di genere nel consiglio di amministrazione (CDA) e l'eco-innovazione, e il ruolo moderatore del contesto culturale in cinque Paesi europei. Questi Paesi adottano politiche diverse per quanto riguarda la presenza di donne nel CDA. I risultati evidenziano una relazione negativa tra la diversità di genere nel CDA e l'eco-innovazione. I contesti culturali con alti livelli di disuguaglianza di genere moderano negativamente l'effetto della diversità di genere sull'eco-innovazione. Il secondo studio analizza l'effetto della proprietà familiare sull'eco-innovazione nelle imprese italiane. L'Italia sta dimostrando con azioni concrete la volontà di perseguire lo sviluppo sostenibile in risposta alle crescenti aspettative degli stakeholder e agli obiettivi sfidanti fissati dall'Agenda 2030. Lo studio, attraverso il framework della Socio Emotional Wealth, si concentra sui meccanismi che rendono uniche le imprese familiari, come l'orientamento al lungo termine, il legame con gli stakeholder, l'immagine e la reputazione della famiglia. I risultati mostrano che le imprese familiari hanno maggiori probabilità di impegnarsi nell'eco-innovazione rispetto alle imprese non familiari e che la proprietà familiare può essere una fonte di vantaggio competitivo per l'eco-innovazione. Inoltre, i risultati dimostrano che le imprese familiari hanno sia la capacità sia la motivazione per sviluppare l'eco-innovazione, superando il paradosso dell’Ability and Willingness. Il terzo studio esplora la relazione tra strategie di internazionalizzazione ed eco-innovazione nelle imprese italiane. Lo studio si concentra su un meccanismo specifico attraverso il quale le imprese si internazionalizzano, l’Investimento Diretto Estero. I risultati rilevano una relazione positiva tra internazionalizzazione ed eco-innovazione. Le imprese devono diversificare le destinazioni degli investimenti piuttosto che concentrare i loro sforzi internazionali in un unico Paese. In conclusione, i tre studi contribuiscono alla comprensione di come le imprese possano sviluppare modelli sostenibili e forniscono indicazioni sull'impatto di diverse politiche: la diversità di genere nella governance aziendale può essere un motore dell'eco-innovazione; la proprietà familiare può essere una fonte di vantaggio competitivo per l'eco-innovazione; l'internazionalizzazione e la diversificazione internazionale facilitano il processo di eco-innovazione. I risultati della ricerca sono rilevanti per lo sviluppo e la competitività aziendale e informano i policy makers sui potenziali benefici e sulle sfide della sostenibilità e su come progettare e implementare politiche settoriali efficaci per raggiungere gli obiettivi di sviluppo sostenibile.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MODELS AND IMPACT EVALUATION OF SECTOR POLICIES / Traversi, Marco. - (2023 Jun 12).
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MODELS AND IMPACT EVALUATION OF SECTOR POLICIES
TRAVERSI, MARCO
2023-06-12
Abstract
Sustainable development has become an increasingly pressing global issue, with firms and governments seeking to balance economic, social, and environmental factors. However, there is a lack of knowledge on how to reach sustainable development effectively and which are the best policies that firms must adopt. One possible solution is eco-innovation. Eco-innovation can be a powerful tool for firms to pursue sustainable development that aligns with their long-term business goals and stakeholder expectations. By integrating sustainability principles into their innovation processes, firms can reduce environmental impact, improve resource efficiency, enhance reputation, and differentiate from competitors. In this context, this Ph.D. thesis aims to identify firms' policies favorable to eco-innovation. The thesis is structured around three main themes: gender diversity in corporate governance and eco-innovation, family firms and eco-innovation, internationalization strategies and eco-innovation. The first study examines the relationship between gender diversity on the board of directors and eco-innovation and the moderating role of the cultural context in five European countries. These countries adopt different policies regarding the presence of women directors. The results show a negative relationship between gender diversity on boards and eco-innovation. Contexts with high levels of gender inequality negatively moderate the effect of gender diversity on eco-innovation. The second study analyzes the effect of family ownership on eco-innovation in Italian firms. Italy demonstrates with concrete actions its willingness to pursue sustainable development in response to growing stakeholder expectations and the challenging goals set by Agenda 2030. The study, through the Socio-Emotional Wealth framework, focuses on the mechanisms that make family firms unique, such as a long-term orientation, stakeholders’ connection, and family image and reputation. The results find that family firms are more likely to engage in eco-innovation than non-family firms, as family ownership can be a source of competitive advantage for eco-innovation. Moreover, the findings demonstrate that family firms have both the ability and the motivation to develop eco-innovation, overcoming the Ability and Willingness paradox. The third study explores the relationship between internationalization and eco-innovation in Italian firms. The study focuses on one specific mechanism through which firms internationalize, Foreign Direct Investment. The results find a positive relationship between internationalization and eco-innovation and conclude that firms need to diversify investment destinations rather than concentrate their international effort in a single country. In conclusion, the three studies contribute to the understanding of how firms can develop sustainable models and provide insights into the impact of different policies: gender diversity in corporate governance can be a driver of eco-innovation; family ownership can be a source of competitive advantage for eco-innovation; internationalization and international diversification facilitate the process of eco-innovation. The research findings are relevant for the management of firms and to inform policymakers and practitioners about the potential benefits and challenges of sustainability and how to design and implement effective sector policies to achieve sustainable development goals.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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