Alteration and decay of cultural heritage are caused by natural and anthropogenic factors, involving physical, chemical and biological phenomena. Deterioration processes often occur by means of phase transitions, most of which require months, years or also centuries to take place. This work is focused on phase transitions of marble monuments: main alteration processes of calcite are reviewed, including sulphation (and related crust formation), photochemical smog, oxalate patina and airborne sea-salts impact. Beside real case studies, experiments carried out at laboratory scale are proposed to predict material durability. Particular attention has been given to X-ray diffraction as one of the main characterization techniques, which represent a crucial step in cultural heritage conservation and restoration.
Transformation in calcium carbonate stones: some examples
BENEDETTI, Dario Paolo;BONTEMPI, Elza;PEDRAZZANI, Roberta;ZACCO, Annalisa;DEPERO, Laura Eleonora
2008-01-01
Abstract
Alteration and decay of cultural heritage are caused by natural and anthropogenic factors, involving physical, chemical and biological phenomena. Deterioration processes often occur by means of phase transitions, most of which require months, years or also centuries to take place. This work is focused on phase transitions of marble monuments: main alteration processes of calcite are reviewed, including sulphation (and related crust formation), photochemical smog, oxalate patina and airborne sea-salts impact. Beside real case studies, experiments carried out at laboratory scale are proposed to predict material durability. Particular attention has been given to X-ray diffraction as one of the main characterization techniques, which represent a crucial step in cultural heritage conservation and restoration.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
