This research work was conducted in collaboration with Univet, a company based in Rezzato, Brescia. The experimental research aimed to redesign a specific personal protective equipment (PPE) produced by Univet in terms of sustainability. In particular, the focus was on the 611 reusable mask, specifically designed for use in cleanrooms, an environment characterized by low concentrations of contaminants and extensively used in various industrial sectors, such as the pharmaceutical, hospital, and electronics industries, to name a few. The mask has the dual purpose of protecting workers while simultaneously maintaining the low levels of airborne and surface contaminants that characterize these environments. To meet these needs, the mask was designed to be sterilized multiple times after each use. The work focused on the mask frame, the component that adheres to the wearer's face and supports the lens, which is made of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). The proposed strategy was to maintain the frame's geometry and replace the current traditional thermoplastic elastomer with a sustainable one, a process renamed in this work as "fossil-based polymer replacement. Some commercial bio-based thermoplastic elastomers were then selected by trying to diversify the chemical families they belong to, with the resulting subdivision into copolyester (TPC), polyurethane (TPU) and styrene (TPS) thermoplastic elastomers. Of central importance to this work was the evaluation of the candidates' performance through an extensive experimental characterization aimed at highlighting the effects of sterilization treatments by the use of mechanical tests, across measurements of intrinsic properties in tensile tests under quasi-static conditions, and through a technological parameter indicative of impact-tensile strength. The sterilization techniques studied are those commercially relevant to Univet, namely steam sterilization with cycles of 121°C for 30 minutes and gamma irradiation with cycles of 25 kGy. Given the unknown formulation complexity of the tested materials, it was decided not to focus the work on the development of property-structure relationships but rather to direct it towards the fracture characterization of the thermoplastic elastomers examined, with particular attention paid to the more specifically procedural aspects. This second section of the work was grouped into a first activity aimed at verifying the applicability of the “load separation criterion” to thermoplastic elastomers and a second activity in which viscoelastic fracture mechanics (VEFM) was applied to these materials with the aim of analyzing the fracture propagation phase and highlighting the differences between the results obtained with VEFM and with elasto-plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM) approaches.
Il presente lavoro di dottorato è stato svolto in collaborazione con l’azienda Univet, con sede a Rezzato, Brescia. La ricerca, di tipo sperimentale, ha come obiettivo la riprogettazione di un particolare dispositivo di protezione individuale prodotto da Univet in chiave sostenibile. In particolare, l’attenzione è stata posta sulla maschera riutilizzabile 611, progettata appositamente per l’utilizzo in camera bianca, ambiente contraddistinto per la limitata concentrazione di contaminanti utilizzato estensivamente in diversi settori industriali, come quello farmaceutico, ospedaliero ed elettronico per citarne alcuni. La maschera ha il duplice compito di proteggere il personale lavoratore e di preservare al tempo stesso i bassi livelli di contaminanti aerei e di superficie che contraddistinguono questi locali. Per far fronte a queste esigenze, la maschera è stata pensata per poter essere sterilizzata alla fine di ogni utilizzo, per molteplici volte. Il lavoro ha focalizzato l’attenzione sul frame della maschera, ovvero quel componente che ha la funzione di aderire al volto dell’operatore e di sostenere la lente, il quale è prodotto in elastomero termoplastico (TPE). La strategia proposta è stata quella di mantenere la geometria del frame e di rimpiazzare l’attuale elastomero termoplastico di tipo tradizionale, con uno di natura sostenibile, processo rinominato in questo lavoro come “fossil-based polymer replacement”. Sono stati quindi selezionati alcuni elastomeri termoplastici bio-based di tipo commerciale cercando di diversificare le famiglie chimiche di appartenenza, con la risultante suddivisione in elastomeri termoplastici di tipo copoliestere (TPC) poliuretanico (TPU) e stirenico (TPS). Di centrale importanza per questo lavoro è stata la valutazione delle performance dei candidati per mezzo di un’estesa caratterizzazione sperimentale volta a mettere in luce gli effetti dei trattamenti di sterilizzazione attraverso l’utilizzo di prove meccaniche, mediante misure di proprietà intrinseche in prove di trazione in condizioni quasi-statiche, e di un parametro tecnologico indicativo della resistenza ad impatto-trazione. Le tecniche di sterilizzazione studiate sono quelle commercialmente rilevanti per Univet, ovvero la sterilizzazione a vapore con cicli di 121°C per 30 minuti, e quella a raggi gamma con cicli di 25 kGy. Data la complessità formulativa non nota dei materiali testati, è stato scelto di non incentrare il lavoro sullo sviluppo di relazioni proprietà-struttura, ma piuttosto di indirizzarlo verso la caratterizzazione a frattura degli elastomeri termoplastici esaminati, con particolare attenzione rivolta agli aspetti più propriamente procedurali. Questa seconda sezione del lavoro è stata raggruppata in una prima attività volta alla verifica dell’ applicabilità del “principio di separazione del carico” (load separation criterion) ad elastomeri termoplastici, ed una seconda attività in cui è stata applicata la meccanica della frattura viscoelastica (VEFM) a questi materiali con l’obiettivo di analizzarne la fase di propagazione della frattura e di evidenziare le differenze tra i risultati ottenuti con VEFM e con approcci di meccanica della frattura elasto-plastica (EPFM).
Research and development of protective eyewear based on sustainable polymers for cleanroom applications / Gozzini, S.. - (2026 Jun 23).
Research and development of protective eyewear based on sustainable polymers for cleanroom applications
Gozzini, Stefano
2026-06-23
Abstract
This research work was conducted in collaboration with Univet, a company based in Rezzato, Brescia. The experimental research aimed to redesign a specific personal protective equipment (PPE) produced by Univet in terms of sustainability. In particular, the focus was on the 611 reusable mask, specifically designed for use in cleanrooms, an environment characterized by low concentrations of contaminants and extensively used in various industrial sectors, such as the pharmaceutical, hospital, and electronics industries, to name a few. The mask has the dual purpose of protecting workers while simultaneously maintaining the low levels of airborne and surface contaminants that characterize these environments. To meet these needs, the mask was designed to be sterilized multiple times after each use. The work focused on the mask frame, the component that adheres to the wearer's face and supports the lens, which is made of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). The proposed strategy was to maintain the frame's geometry and replace the current traditional thermoplastic elastomer with a sustainable one, a process renamed in this work as "fossil-based polymer replacement. Some commercial bio-based thermoplastic elastomers were then selected by trying to diversify the chemical families they belong to, with the resulting subdivision into copolyester (TPC), polyurethane (TPU) and styrene (TPS) thermoplastic elastomers. Of central importance to this work was the evaluation of the candidates' performance through an extensive experimental characterization aimed at highlighting the effects of sterilization treatments by the use of mechanical tests, across measurements of intrinsic properties in tensile tests under quasi-static conditions, and through a technological parameter indicative of impact-tensile strength. The sterilization techniques studied are those commercially relevant to Univet, namely steam sterilization with cycles of 121°C for 30 minutes and gamma irradiation with cycles of 25 kGy. Given the unknown formulation complexity of the tested materials, it was decided not to focus the work on the development of property-structure relationships but rather to direct it towards the fracture characterization of the thermoplastic elastomers examined, with particular attention paid to the more specifically procedural aspects. This second section of the work was grouped into a first activity aimed at verifying the applicability of the “load separation criterion” to thermoplastic elastomers and a second activity in which viscoelastic fracture mechanics (VEFM) was applied to these materials with the aim of analyzing the fracture propagation phase and highlighting the differences between the results obtained with VEFM and with elasto-plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM) approaches.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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