Additive Manufacturing (AM), among the enabling technologies of Industry 4.0, is considered the most disruptive, since it introduces a completely new way to think, design and manufacture an object. AM can be depicted as a set of innovative technologies sharing the same manufacturing approach: a three-dimensional object is built layer by layer, by adding material. AM has a pivotal role in the current transition towards Industry 4.0 and it is a hot topic for both industry and research. Some technological limitations in process stability, repeatability, and printed quality, and the need of post-processing treatments create prejudices towards this class of technologies and make it difficult to understand if and how to implement them in the production. Thanks to its many advantages in shape complexity, material variety, working principles, and green possibilities, this group of technologies is quite flexible. Indeed, AM can satisfy the needs of many different fields, among which: manufacturing, healthcare, automotive, aerospace engineering, fashion, biomedical industry, etc.. This research shows that real applications of AM are feasible: it is possible to produce working tools in small batches, obtaining results similar to the ones obtained using traditional techniques, new structures for heat exchangers seem to be promising, even though some experimental checks and costs analyses on this topic should be carried out. Moreover, a class of working resistive flex sensors was manufactured and tested. Finally, the variety of technologies making up AM allows the production of very peculiar materials that can be used for biodegradable bioimplants and as scaffold. The behaviour of these natural materials is highly related to environmental conditions. Cell viability was evaluated both with imaging and checking their metabolic activity by PCR. Research showed that optimising the printing results in lower cell viability.
Le tecnologie additive (AM) sono considerate tra le più significative e innovative nell’ambito delle cosiddette tecnologie abilitanti dell’Industria 4.0. Infatti, l’AM lascia spazio a un nuovo modo di pensare, progettare e produrre un componente. Quando si parla di AM ci si riferisce ad un insieme di tecnologie innovative che condividono lo stesso approccio nella realizzazione di un componente: un oggetto tridimensionale viene prodotto andando ad aggiungere materiale strato dopo strato. L’AM ha un ruolo centrale nella transizione ad Industria 4.0 ed è perciò un tema di grande interesse sia per il mondo industriale che per la ricerca. Alcuni limiti (relativi a stabilizzazione di processo, ripetibilità, qualità di stampa) e l’esigenza di trattamenti post-stampa generano pregiudizi e perplessità su tali tecnologie e su come possano essere effettivamente implementate nelle aziende. Questa classe di tecnologie è particolarmente interessante proprio per la possibilità di realizzare geometrie complesse, impiegare una grande varietà di materiali e i diversi principi di funzionamento disponibili; tali caratteristiche la rendono quindi intrinsecamente flessibile. Infatti, l’AM potrebbe soddisfare le esigenze di svariati ambiti, tra cui quelli: manifatturiero, sanitario, automotive, aerospace, moda, biomedicale, ecc.. Questa ricerca mostra che è possibile creare delle applicazioni reali e utili per le aziende impiegando l’AM: si possono produrre degli utensili in polimero efficaci per piccoli lotti, con risultati paragonabili a quelli ottenibili con le tecnologie tradizionali. La realizzazione di strutture innovative per lo scambio termico sembra promettente, seguiranno la validazione sperimentale e un’analisi dei costi in lavori futuri. Inoltre, sono stati prodotti e testati dei sensori resistivi funzionanti. L’ampia gamma di possibilità in termini di materiale ha consentito la produzione di inchiostri caricati con cellule. La vitalità cellulare è stata valutata sia con tecniche di imaging che usando tecniche come la PCR per verificarne l’attività metabolica. I polimeri naturali hanno un comportamento instabile e fortemente dipendente da fattori ambientali. Dalla ricerca si osserva che modificando la composizione di un inchiostro per aumentarne la viscosità, migliorando quindi la stampabilità, la vitalità cellulare si riduce.
Novel AM Process Strategies and Materials for Smart, Complex (Bio-)Mechanical Devices / Gaudenzi, G.. - (2026 Jun 08).
Novel AM Process Strategies and Materials for Smart, Complex (Bio-)Mechanical Devices
GAUDENZI, GIULIA
2026-06-08
Abstract
Additive Manufacturing (AM), among the enabling technologies of Industry 4.0, is considered the most disruptive, since it introduces a completely new way to think, design and manufacture an object. AM can be depicted as a set of innovative technologies sharing the same manufacturing approach: a three-dimensional object is built layer by layer, by adding material. AM has a pivotal role in the current transition towards Industry 4.0 and it is a hot topic for both industry and research. Some technological limitations in process stability, repeatability, and printed quality, and the need of post-processing treatments create prejudices towards this class of technologies and make it difficult to understand if and how to implement them in the production. Thanks to its many advantages in shape complexity, material variety, working principles, and green possibilities, this group of technologies is quite flexible. Indeed, AM can satisfy the needs of many different fields, among which: manufacturing, healthcare, automotive, aerospace engineering, fashion, biomedical industry, etc.. This research shows that real applications of AM are feasible: it is possible to produce working tools in small batches, obtaining results similar to the ones obtained using traditional techniques, new structures for heat exchangers seem to be promising, even though some experimental checks and costs analyses on this topic should be carried out. Moreover, a class of working resistive flex sensors was manufactured and tested. Finally, the variety of technologies making up AM allows the production of very peculiar materials that can be used for biodegradable bioimplants and as scaffold. The behaviour of these natural materials is highly related to environmental conditions. Cell viability was evaluated both with imaging and checking their metabolic activity by PCR. Research showed that optimising the printing results in lower cell viability.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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