This thesis examines the evolution, structure, and legal implications of the Cooperative Compliance regime and the Tax Control Framework (TCF), with particular focus on the Italian legal system. The research analyses the transition from the traditional ex post tax audit model to a framework based on transparency, preventive dialogue, and structured cooperation between taxpayers and tax authorities. The study reconstructs the international origins of Cooperative Compliance through an analysis of OECD initiatives and explores the role of the Tax Control Framework as the essential organisational prerequisite for participation in Cooperative Compliance regimes. It then provides a systematic examination of the Italian regime introduced by Legislative Decree No. 128/2015 and subsequently reformed by Legislative Decrees No. 221/2023 and No. 108/2024. The analysis addresses the subjective and objective requirements for access to the regime, tax risk governance, the Tax Compliance Model, the Risk and Control Matrix, monitoring and testing activities, and the management of tax risks of an interpretative nature. Particular attention is devoted to the certification and attestation of the Tax Control Framework, which constitute one of the most distinctive features of the Italian model in the international landscape. The research further investigates the interaction between the Tax Control Framework and other corporate governance and control systems, including the organisational model under Legislative Decree No. 231/2001, and the internal control systems established under Law No. 262/2005. The study is complemented by a comparative analysis of the Dutch and Austrian cooperative compliance models, selected on account of their advanced stage of implementation and the availability of official documentation, as well as the multilateral programmes ICAP and ETACA, examined as expressions of the supranational dimension of Cooperative Compliance. The thesis argues that the Italian Cooperative Compliance regime represents, by virtue of its statutory foundation, verifiable technical standards, and mandatory professional certification and attestation mechanisms, one of the most structurally developed models currently operating at the international level. Significant challenges nonetheless remain with respect to accessibility: the costs associated with implementing and maintaining a Tax Control Framework fall disproportionately on enterprises below the current eligibility threshold, thereby limiting the reach of the model beyond the largest taxpayers. The future development of Cooperative Compliance will therefore depend on the capacity to combine high standards of tax governance with solutions that enhance its scalability and broader applicability.
La presente tesi analizza l’evoluzione, la struttura, le implicazioni giuridiche del regime di Adempimento Collaborativo e del Tax Control Framework (TCF), con particolare riferimento all’ordinamento italiano. La ricerca esamina il passaggio dal tradizionale modello di controllo fiscale ex post a un paradigma fondato sulla trasparenza, sul dialogo preventivo e sulla collaborazione strutturata tra amministrazione finanziaria e contribuente. Lo studio ricostruisce le origini internazionali della Cooperative Compliance attraverso l’analisi dei lavori dell’OCSE e approfondisce il ruolo del Tax Control Framework quale presupposto organizzativo essenziale per l’accesso ai regimi di collaborazione rafforzata. Viene quindi esaminata in modo sistematico la disciplina italiana introdotta dal D.Lgs. n. 128/2015 e successivamente riformata dal D.Lgs. n. 221/2023 e dal D.Lgs. n. 108/2024. L’analisi affronta i requisiti soggettivi e oggettivi di accesso al regime, la governance del rischio fiscale, il Tax Compliance Model, la Risk and Control Matrix, i processi di monitoraggio e testing, nonché i meccanismi di gestione del rischio fiscale di natura interpretativa. Particolare attenzione è dedicata alla certificazione e all’attestazione del Tax Control Framework, istituti che costituiscono uno dei tratti più distintivi del modello italiano nel panorama internazionale. La ricerca approfondisce inoltre le interazioni tra il Tax Control Framework e gli altri sistemi di controllo e governance aziendale, tra cui il Modello di organizzazione, gestione e controllo di cui al D.Lgs. n. 231/2001 e i controlli amministrativo-contabili previsti dalla Legge n. 262/2005. Lo studio è completato da un’analisi comparata dei modelli adottati nei Paesi Bassi e in Austria, selezionati in ragione della loro maturità applicativa e della disponibilità di documentazione ufficiale, nonché dei programmi multilaterali ICAP ed ETACA, esaminati quale espressione della dimensione sovranazionale della Cooperative Compliance. La tesi sostiene che il regime italiano di Adempimento Collaborativo rappresenti, per la combinazione di base legislativa, standard tecnici verificabili e meccanismi obbligatori di certificazione e attestazione professionale, un modello tra i più strutturati nel panorama internazionale. Permangono tuttavia criticità significative sul piano dell’accessibilità: i costi di implementazione e mantenimento del Tax Control Framework gravano in modo sproporzionato sulle imprese di dimensioni inferiori alla soglia attualmente prevista per l’accesso al regime, limitando la diffusione del modello oltre la platea dei grandi contribuenti. La sfida futura consiste pertanto nel coniugare elevati standard di governance fiscale con soluzioni che ne consentano una maggiore scalabilità e sostenibilità.
Tax Control Framework & Cooperative Compliance / Baglioni, F.. - (2026 Sep 08).
Tax Control Framework & Cooperative Compliance
BAGLIONI, FILIPPO
2026-09-08
Abstract
This thesis examines the evolution, structure, and legal implications of the Cooperative Compliance regime and the Tax Control Framework (TCF), with particular focus on the Italian legal system. The research analyses the transition from the traditional ex post tax audit model to a framework based on transparency, preventive dialogue, and structured cooperation between taxpayers and tax authorities. The study reconstructs the international origins of Cooperative Compliance through an analysis of OECD initiatives and explores the role of the Tax Control Framework as the essential organisational prerequisite for participation in Cooperative Compliance regimes. It then provides a systematic examination of the Italian regime introduced by Legislative Decree No. 128/2015 and subsequently reformed by Legislative Decrees No. 221/2023 and No. 108/2024. The analysis addresses the subjective and objective requirements for access to the regime, tax risk governance, the Tax Compliance Model, the Risk and Control Matrix, monitoring and testing activities, and the management of tax risks of an interpretative nature. Particular attention is devoted to the certification and attestation of the Tax Control Framework, which constitute one of the most distinctive features of the Italian model in the international landscape. The research further investigates the interaction between the Tax Control Framework and other corporate governance and control systems, including the organisational model under Legislative Decree No. 231/2001, and the internal control systems established under Law No. 262/2005. The study is complemented by a comparative analysis of the Dutch and Austrian cooperative compliance models, selected on account of their advanced stage of implementation and the availability of official documentation, as well as the multilateral programmes ICAP and ETACA, examined as expressions of the supranational dimension of Cooperative Compliance. The thesis argues that the Italian Cooperative Compliance regime represents, by virtue of its statutory foundation, verifiable technical standards, and mandatory professional certification and attestation mechanisms, one of the most structurally developed models currently operating at the international level. Significant challenges nonetheless remain with respect to accessibility: the costs associated with implementing and maintaining a Tax Control Framework fall disproportionately on enterprises below the current eligibility threshold, thereby limiting the reach of the model beyond the largest taxpayers. The future development of Cooperative Compliance will therefore depend on the capacity to combine high standards of tax governance with solutions that enhance its scalability and broader applicability.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi corretta baglioni.pdf
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