This dissertation examines the disconnect between Small and Medium Enterprises’ (SMEs) inherent relational strengths and the formal requirements for measurable Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs). SMEs often outperform other types of firms due to their unique combination of informal structures, flexibility, and established networks. However, the formalized structure of sustainability reporting and compliance with ESG regulations undermines these strengths. The research presents and evaluates a new framework, the Relational Integrated Bridge, designed to enable SMEs to leverage existing relational capacity to benefit both the organization and key stakeholders. This study develops an original, novel, and empirical theoretical framework that integrates Relational Leadership Theory (RLT) and Leaderful Practice (LAP) dynamics. These dynamics often exist organically within SMEs but remain formally unacknowledged. The framework posits them as mutually constitutive rather than discrete approaches. Within this framework, Relational Leadership Theory (RLT) provides the diagnostic lens for understanding leadership as an emergent social process. Leaderful Practice (LAP) offers the prescriptive blueprint through its Four C’s: collective, concurrent, collaborative, and compassionate leadership. In addition, the study investigates how Digital Transformation scales both leaderful and relational practices into measurable ESG outcomes through formalized structures (i.e., an organization’s capacity to measure ESG outcomes). An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design (QUAN → qual) was used in this cross-cultural research to compare listed SMEs in Italy (n=43) and Pakistan (n=54). The quantitative analysis revealed statistically significant relationships between relational leadership, leaderful practices, digital transformation, and ESG performance. This was demonstrated through robust statistical measures, including regression analysis, which confirmed the strength of these predictive relationships. The findings from the qualitative analysis of four matched case studies provided further insight into the ways each country approaches the implementation of digital transformation. While Italian SMEs adopted a cautious-facilitative approach, heavily structured in integrating digital technology into their business models, Pakistani SMEs took a more pragmatic, informal approach through organic means. The results indicate that SMEs have the capacity to systematically harness their innate "leaderful" potential through a purposeful digital architecture that enables sustainable performance. The Bridge Model illustrates that relational leadership lays the foundation for developing leaderful practices and that digital transformation can help SMEs cross the Relational-Performance Gap. This study offers new insights into theory by integrating Relational Leadership Theory (RLT) and Leaderful Practice (LAP). It provides tangible suggestions for SMEs and policymakers interested in developing their social capital and leveraging digital resources to achieve sustainability objectives. The conclusion of this dissertation indicates that small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) develop sustainability through an organic, relational process that leverages their existing social assets, rather than by importing external leadership models; however, a designed digital architecture is necessary to achieve a scalable, measurable impact. This offers a replicable framework—the Relational Integrated Bridge for transforming inherent relational potential into formal ESG Performance, thereby making a tangible contribution to the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Questo studio sviluppa un quadro teorico originale, innovativo ed empirico che integra la Relational Leadership Theory (RLT) e la Leaderful Practice (LAP)—dinamiche che spesso emergono organicamente all'interno delle PMI ma che rimangono formalmente non riconosciute—proponendole come approcci mutualmente costitutivi piuttosto che discreti. All'interno di questo quadro, la Relational Leadership Theory (RLT) fornisce una lente diagnostica per comprendere la leadership come un processo sociale emergente. La Leaderful Practice (LAP) offre il progetto prescrittivo attraverso le sue Quattro C: leadership collettiva, concomitante, collaborativa e compassionevole. Inoltre, lo studio indaga come la Trasformazione Digitale amplifichi sia le pratiche leaderful sia quelle relazionali, trasformandole in risultati ESG misurabili attraverso strutture formalizzate (ad esempio, la capacità di un'organizzazione di misurare i risultati ESG). In questa ricerca interculturale, che adotta un disegno sequenziale esplicativo di metodi misti (QUAN → qual), lo studio ha confrontato le PMI quotate in Italia (n=43) e in Pakistan (n=54). L'analisi quantitativa ha evidenziato relazioni statisticamente significative tra la leadership relazionale, le pratiche leaderful, la trasformazione digitale e le performance ESG. Ciò è stato dimostrato attraverso robuste misure statistiche, tra cui l'analisi di regressione, che ha confermato la forza di queste relazioni predittive. I risultati dell'analisi qualitativa dei quattro casi di studio abbinati hanno fornito ulteriori approfondimenti sulle modalità con cui ciascun Paese affronta la trasformazione digitale. Mentre le PMI italiane hanno adottato un approccio cauto-facilitativo, fortemente strutturato nell'integrazione della tecnologia digitale nei loro modelli di business, le PMI pakistane hanno adottato un approccio più pragmatico e informale, in modo organico. I risultati indicano che le PMI sono in grado di sfruttare sistematicamente il loro innato potenziale "leaderful" attraverso un'architettura digitale progettata per abilitare una performance sostenibile. Il Modello a Ponte illustra come la leadership relazionale ponga le fondamenta per lo sviluppo di pratiche leaderful e come la trasformazione digitale possa aiutare le PMI a colmare il divario Relazionale-Prestazionale. Questo studio offre nuove prospettive teoriche integrando la Relational Leadership Theory (RLT) e la Leaderful Practice (LAP). Fornisce suggerimenti concreti per le PMI e per i decisori politici interessati a sviluppare il proprio capitale sociale e a sfruttare le risorse digitali per raggiungere obiettivi di sostenibilità. La conclusione di questa dissertazione indica che le Piccole e Medie Imprese (PMI) sviluppano la sostenibilità attraverso un processo organico e relazionale che valorizza le loro risorse sociali esistenti, piuttosto che importare modelli di leadership esterni. Tuttavia, è necessaria un'architettura digitale progettata intenzionalmente per ottenere un impatto scalabile e misurabile. Ciò offre un quadro replicabile—il Ponte Integrato Relazionale—per trasformare il potenziale relazionale intrinseco in una Performance ESG formale, contribuendo così tangibilmente al raggiungimento degli Obiettivi di Sviluppo Sostenibile (SDGs) globali. Keywords: Teoria della Leadership Relazionale, Pratica Leaderful, Trasformazione Digitale, Performance ESG,Divario Relazionale-Prestazionale, PMI (Piccole e Medie Imprese), Obiettivi di Sviluppo Sostenibile (SDGs), Metodi Misti, Divario Relazionale-Prestazionale, Architettura Digitale
SCALING SMALL ACTIONS INTO GLOBAL GOALS: A MIXED-METHODS STUDY OF HOW RELATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND LEADERFUL PRACTICE, AMPLIFIED BY DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION, ACHIEVE ESG AND SDG OUTCOMES IN SMES / Naseem, A.. - (2026 Feb 16).
SCALING SMALL ACTIONS INTO GLOBAL GOALS: A MIXED-METHODS STUDY OF HOW RELATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND LEADERFUL PRACTICE, AMPLIFIED BY DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION, ACHIEVE ESG AND SDG OUTCOMES IN SMES
NASEEM, ALIYA
2026-02-16
Abstract
This dissertation examines the disconnect between Small and Medium Enterprises’ (SMEs) inherent relational strengths and the formal requirements for measurable Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs). SMEs often outperform other types of firms due to their unique combination of informal structures, flexibility, and established networks. However, the formalized structure of sustainability reporting and compliance with ESG regulations undermines these strengths. The research presents and evaluates a new framework, the Relational Integrated Bridge, designed to enable SMEs to leverage existing relational capacity to benefit both the organization and key stakeholders. This study develops an original, novel, and empirical theoretical framework that integrates Relational Leadership Theory (RLT) and Leaderful Practice (LAP) dynamics. These dynamics often exist organically within SMEs but remain formally unacknowledged. The framework posits them as mutually constitutive rather than discrete approaches. Within this framework, Relational Leadership Theory (RLT) provides the diagnostic lens for understanding leadership as an emergent social process. Leaderful Practice (LAP) offers the prescriptive blueprint through its Four C’s: collective, concurrent, collaborative, and compassionate leadership. In addition, the study investigates how Digital Transformation scales both leaderful and relational practices into measurable ESG outcomes through formalized structures (i.e., an organization’s capacity to measure ESG outcomes). An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design (QUAN → qual) was used in this cross-cultural research to compare listed SMEs in Italy (n=43) and Pakistan (n=54). The quantitative analysis revealed statistically significant relationships between relational leadership, leaderful practices, digital transformation, and ESG performance. This was demonstrated through robust statistical measures, including regression analysis, which confirmed the strength of these predictive relationships. The findings from the qualitative analysis of four matched case studies provided further insight into the ways each country approaches the implementation of digital transformation. While Italian SMEs adopted a cautious-facilitative approach, heavily structured in integrating digital technology into their business models, Pakistani SMEs took a more pragmatic, informal approach through organic means. The results indicate that SMEs have the capacity to systematically harness their innate "leaderful" potential through a purposeful digital architecture that enables sustainable performance. The Bridge Model illustrates that relational leadership lays the foundation for developing leaderful practices and that digital transformation can help SMEs cross the Relational-Performance Gap. This study offers new insights into theory by integrating Relational Leadership Theory (RLT) and Leaderful Practice (LAP). It provides tangible suggestions for SMEs and policymakers interested in developing their social capital and leveraging digital resources to achieve sustainability objectives. The conclusion of this dissertation indicates that small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) develop sustainability through an organic, relational process that leverages their existing social assets, rather than by importing external leadership models; however, a designed digital architecture is necessary to achieve a scalable, measurable impact. This offers a replicable framework—the Relational Integrated Bridge for transforming inherent relational potential into formal ESG Performance, thereby making a tangible contribution to the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Thesis PHD 2025_Naseem Aliya.pdf
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Descrizione: SCALING SMALL ACTIONS INTO GLOBAL GOALS: A MIXED-METHODS STUDY OF HOW RELATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND LEADERFUL PRACTICE, AMPLIFIED BY DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION, ACHIEVE ESG AND SDG OUTCOMES IN SMES
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