The construction industry, responsible for approximately 37% of global CO₂ emissions, remains one of the primary contributors to climate change and resource depletion. Reducing both operational and embodied carbon emissions is essential to achieving carbon-neutral buildings. However, conventional materials used in construction, particularly for insulation, are predominantly non-renewable, energy-intensive, and polluting. This highlights the urgent need for renewable, low-impact alternatives that can decarbonize the sector and advance circular economy principles. This research proposes an integrated dual-production system, MushToBiom, designed to produce both edible mushrooms and mycelium-based composites (MBCs) within a single biological process. MushToBiom exploits the dual potential of fungal cultivation, where mycelium, the vegetative network of fungi, acts as a natural binder that transforms agricultural residues into lightweight, biodegradable composites while simultaneously yielding nutritious food sources. By merging two currently separate sectors, the agricultural sector of mushroom cultivation and the construction sector of biomaterial production, this approach reduces waste, optimizes resource and energy use, and divides production costs between two distinct markets, thereby enhancing economic feasibility and sustainability. The research objectives are threefold: (1) to develop a scalable and standardized dual-production system based on renewable substrates; (2) to quantitatively assess mushroom yield and evaluate the mechanical and acoustic performance of the resulting MBCs; and (3) to propose a framework for integrating fungal biomaterials into sustainable construction. The study employs a multidisciplinary methodology combining microbiology, agriculture, materials science, and environmental design to bridge food and material production. Beyond its scientific and industrial contributions, this research embraces an open and inclusive vision of sustainability. By relying on accessible and traditional technologies such as mushroom cultivation, the project aims to democratize sustainable innovation, making it understandable, replicable, and achievable by everyone. The proposed system serves not only as an environmental solution but also as an educational and social model, fostering collective awareness and encouraging communities to adopt simple, low-cost, and regenerative practices. Experimental results demonstrate that MBCs produced via this integrated system exhibit competitive mechanical and acoustic performance compared to conventional insulation materials, while maintaining biodegradability and a low carbon footprint. The findings suggest that dual-production systems can serve as viable, regenerative alternatives to extractive industrial models, advancing both sustainable construction and agricultural circularity. Ultimately, this research positions fungal cultivation as a transformative strategy for developing bio-based materials that unite food security, waste valorization, and social and environmental resilience.
L’industria delle costruzioni, responsabile di circa il 37% delle emissioni globali di CO₂, rappresenta una delle principali cause del cambiamento climatico e del depauperamento delle risorse naturali. Ridurre sia le emissioni operative sia quelle incorporate è fondamentale per raggiungere edifici a emissioni zero. Tuttavia, i materiali tradizionali utilizzati nel settore delle costruzioni, in particolare per l’isolamento, sono perlopiù non rinnovabili, ad alta intensità energetica e fortemente inquinanti. Ciò evidenzia la necessità urgente di sviluppare alternative rinnovabili e a basso impatto, capaci di decarbonizzare il settore e promuovere i principi dell’economia circolare. Questa ricerca propone un sistema integrato di doppia produzione, denominato MushToBiom, concepito per generare contemporaneamente funghi commestibili e compositi a base di micelio (MBCs) all’interno di un unico processo biologico. MushToBiom sfrutta il duplice potenziale della coltivazione fungina, in cui il micelio, la rete vegetativa dei funghi, agisce come legante naturale trasformando residui agricoli in materiali leggeri, biodegradabili e solidi, producendo al contempo una fonte alimentare nutritiva. Unendo due settori oggi separati, quello agricolo della coltivazione di funghi e quello edilizio della produzione di biomateriali, questo approccio riduce gli sprechi, ottimizza l’uso di risorse ed energia e ripartisce i costi produttivi tra due mercati distinti, migliorando così la sostenibilità e la fattibilità economica. Gli obiettivi principali della ricerca sono tre: (1) sviluppare un sistema di doppia produzione scalabile e standardizzato basato su substrati rinnovabili; (2) valutare quantitativamente la resa fungina e analizzare le proprietà meccaniche e acustiche dei MBCs risultanti; e (3) proporre un quadro di riferimento per l’integrazione dei biomateriali fungini nell’edilizia sostenibile. Lo studio adotta una metodologia multidisciplinare che combina microbiologia, agricoltura, scienza dei materiali e progettazione ambientale, con l’obiettivo di collegare la produzione alimentare a quella dei materiali. Oltre ai contributi scientifici e industriali, la ricerca abbraccia una visione aperta e inclusiva della sostenibilità. Basandosi su tecnologie accessibili e tradizionali, come la coltivazione dei funghi, il progetto mira a democratizzare l’innovazione sostenibile, rendendola comprensibile, replicabile e realizzabile da chiunque. Il sistema proposto si configura non solo come soluzione ambientale, ma anche come modello educativo e sociale, capace di promuovere una maggiore consapevolezza collettiva e di incoraggiare le comunità ad adottare pratiche semplici, a basso costo e rigenerative. I risultati sperimentali dimostrano che i MBCs prodotti attraverso questo sistema integrato presentano prestazioni meccaniche e acustiche competitive rispetto ai materiali isolanti convenzionali, mantenendo al contempo biodegradabilità e un ridotto impatto ambientale. Le evidenze suggeriscono che i sistemi di doppia produzione possano rappresentare alternative rigenerative e sostenibili ai modelli industriali estrattivi, promuovendo al tempo stesso un’edilizia sostenibile e una maggiore circolarità agricola. In definitiva, la ricerca propone la coltivazione fungina come strategia trasformativa per lo sviluppo di materiali bio-based capaci di unire sicurezza alimentare, valorizzazione degli scarti e resilienza sociale e ambientale.
MushToBiom From Edible Mushrooms to Biomaterials A Dual-Production System to produce Food sources and Biomaterials / Dognini, Chiara. - (2025 Nov 18).
MushToBiom From Edible Mushrooms to Biomaterials A Dual-Production System to produce Food sources and Biomaterials
DOGNINI, CHIARA
2025-11-18
Abstract
The construction industry, responsible for approximately 37% of global CO₂ emissions, remains one of the primary contributors to climate change and resource depletion. Reducing both operational and embodied carbon emissions is essential to achieving carbon-neutral buildings. However, conventional materials used in construction, particularly for insulation, are predominantly non-renewable, energy-intensive, and polluting. This highlights the urgent need for renewable, low-impact alternatives that can decarbonize the sector and advance circular economy principles. This research proposes an integrated dual-production system, MushToBiom, designed to produce both edible mushrooms and mycelium-based composites (MBCs) within a single biological process. MushToBiom exploits the dual potential of fungal cultivation, where mycelium, the vegetative network of fungi, acts as a natural binder that transforms agricultural residues into lightweight, biodegradable composites while simultaneously yielding nutritious food sources. By merging two currently separate sectors, the agricultural sector of mushroom cultivation and the construction sector of biomaterial production, this approach reduces waste, optimizes resource and energy use, and divides production costs between two distinct markets, thereby enhancing economic feasibility and sustainability. The research objectives are threefold: (1) to develop a scalable and standardized dual-production system based on renewable substrates; (2) to quantitatively assess mushroom yield and evaluate the mechanical and acoustic performance of the resulting MBCs; and (3) to propose a framework for integrating fungal biomaterials into sustainable construction. The study employs a multidisciplinary methodology combining microbiology, agriculture, materials science, and environmental design to bridge food and material production. Beyond its scientific and industrial contributions, this research embraces an open and inclusive vision of sustainability. By relying on accessible and traditional technologies such as mushroom cultivation, the project aims to democratize sustainable innovation, making it understandable, replicable, and achievable by everyone. The proposed system serves not only as an environmental solution but also as an educational and social model, fostering collective awareness and encouraging communities to adopt simple, low-cost, and regenerative practices. Experimental results demonstrate that MBCs produced via this integrated system exhibit competitive mechanical and acoustic performance compared to conventional insulation materials, while maintaining biodegradability and a low carbon footprint. The findings suggest that dual-production systems can serve as viable, regenerative alternatives to extractive industrial models, advancing both sustainable construction and agricultural circularity. Ultimately, this research positions fungal cultivation as a transformative strategy for developing bio-based materials that unite food security, waste valorization, and social and environmental resilience.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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