The spread of the Covid-19 pandemic globally brought with it, as an immediate response, the introduction by States of national restrictive measures to international trade, accompanied them by a growing distrust of the role of International Organizations (WTO and WHO in primis) and of the process of multilateral globalization. Restrictive measures, even if granted by exceptions and waivers under international trade law, have, however, proved inadequate to solve the problem of equitable access to care, and the need for global multilateral cooperation has been widely recognized as the only way to ensure free trade in medical devices and pharmaceuticals. The negative effects of the pandemic emergency have, moreover, exacerbated the crisis of the WTO as a negotiating forum and guide for member States’ actions/reactions: on the one hand, the stalemate in which the Appellate Body and, therefore, the Dispute Settlement System finds itself, has not yet found an adequate and definitive answer; on the other hand, the WTO, which has not only failed to live up to member States’ expectations in coordinating the health and trade emergency, has not yet adequately addressed issues such as the protection of human rights and the environment along the so-called Global Value Chains (GVCs). In the post-pandemic context, then, the adoption, at the global level, of binding legal instruments and “ESG Due Diligence” standards “Environment, Society and Governance”) that include the protection of human rights (i.e. the right to health, the access to medicines, etc.), the environment and the global governance’s reform are essential to avoid the drift toward unilateral forms of regionalism and the paralysis of the multilateral trading system. In this framework of still great uncertainty, in which International Organizations and States struggle to coordinate with each other, corporates have the strength to play a key role in the dialogue between local communities and “global health” international policies, by employing their resilience as a weapon from Covid-19.
La diffusione della pandemia di Covid-19 a livello globale ha portato con sé, come risposta immediata, l'introduzione da parte degli Stati di misure restrittive nazionali al commercio internazionale, accompagnate da una crescente sfiducia nel ruolo delle Organizzazioni Internazionali (WTO e OMS in primis) e nel processo di globalizzazione multilaterale. Le misure restrittive, anche se concesse con eccezioni e deroghe ai sensi del diritto commerciale internazionale, si sono tuttavia rivelate inadeguate a risolvere il problema dell'equo accesso alle cure, e la necessità di una cooperazione multilaterale globale è stata ampiamente riconosciuta come l'unico modo per garantire il libero commercio di dispositivi medici e prodotti farmaceutici. Gli effetti negativi dell'emergenza pandemica hanno inoltre esacerbato la crisi dell'OMC come forum negoziale e guida per le azioni/reazioni degli Stati membri: da un lato, lo stallo in cui si trova l'Organo d'Appello e, quindi, il Sistema di Risoluzione delle Controversie, non ha ancora trovato una risposta adeguata e definitiva; dall'altro, l'OMC, che non solo ha disatteso le aspettative degli Stati membri nel coordinare l'emergenza sanitaria e commerciale, non ha ancora affrontato adeguatamente questioni come la tutela dei diritti umani e dell'ambiente lungo le cosiddette Catene Globali del Valore (GVC). Nel contesto post-pandemico, quindi, l'adozione, a livello globale, di strumenti giuridici vincolanti e di standard di "Due Diligence ESG" (Environment, Society and Governance) che includano la protezione dei diritti umani e la tutela dell'ambiente è un elemento fondamentale. Nel contesto post-pandemico, quindi, l'adozione, a livello globale, di strumenti giuridici vincolanti e di standard di "Due Diligence ESG" (Environment, Society and Governance) che includano la tutela dei diritti umani (ad esempio il diritto alla salute, l'accesso ai farmaci, ecc.), dell'ambiente e la riforma della governance globale sono essenziali per evitare la deriva verso forme unilaterali di regionalismo e la paralisi del sistema commerciale multilaterale. In questo quadro di ancora grande incertezza, in cui le Organizzazioni Internazionali e gli Stati faticano a coordinarsi tra loro, le imprese hanno la forza di giocare un ruolo chiave nel dialogo tra le comunità locali e le politiche internazionali di "salute globale", impiegando la loro resilienza come un'arma da Covid-19.
GLI EFFETTI DELLA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19 SUL COMMERCIO INTERNAZIONALE E IL RUOLO DELL’OMC / Valenti, Paola. - (2024 Feb 26).
GLI EFFETTI DELLA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19 SUL COMMERCIO INTERNAZIONALE E IL RUOLO DELL’OMC
VALENTI, PAOLA
2024-02-26
Abstract
The spread of the Covid-19 pandemic globally brought with it, as an immediate response, the introduction by States of national restrictive measures to international trade, accompanied them by a growing distrust of the role of International Organizations (WTO and WHO in primis) and of the process of multilateral globalization. Restrictive measures, even if granted by exceptions and waivers under international trade law, have, however, proved inadequate to solve the problem of equitable access to care, and the need for global multilateral cooperation has been widely recognized as the only way to ensure free trade in medical devices and pharmaceuticals. The negative effects of the pandemic emergency have, moreover, exacerbated the crisis of the WTO as a negotiating forum and guide for member States’ actions/reactions: on the one hand, the stalemate in which the Appellate Body and, therefore, the Dispute Settlement System finds itself, has not yet found an adequate and definitive answer; on the other hand, the WTO, which has not only failed to live up to member States’ expectations in coordinating the health and trade emergency, has not yet adequately addressed issues such as the protection of human rights and the environment along the so-called Global Value Chains (GVCs). In the post-pandemic context, then, the adoption, at the global level, of binding legal instruments and “ESG Due Diligence” standards “Environment, Society and Governance”) that include the protection of human rights (i.e. the right to health, the access to medicines, etc.), the environment and the global governance’s reform are essential to avoid the drift toward unilateral forms of regionalism and the paralysis of the multilateral trading system. In this framework of still great uncertainty, in which International Organizations and States struggle to coordinate with each other, corporates have the strength to play a key role in the dialogue between local communities and “global health” international policies, by employing their resilience as a weapon from Covid-19.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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