Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with a dismal prognosis. The pharmacological approach of ACC is based on mitotane (M) with/without etoposide (E), doxorubicin (D) and cisplatin (C) (the EDP-M scheme), according to the disease stage. Considering the limited efficacy and the toxicity of this treatment, new strategies are required. ACC is a heterogeneous tumour, thus, the paucity of ACC cell models arising from EDP-M-resistant metastatic/advanced disease has also been a limitation in the preclinical evaluation of new pharmacological strategies for decades. Here we report the development of a new ACC cell line, named TVBF-7, derived from a patient with metastatic disease progressing after EDP-M. TVBF-7 cells have been shown to secrete high amounts of cortisol and they harbors a nonsense mutation in APC gene. Using the preclinical experimental ACC cell models, namely TVBF-7 cells and other cell lines,we studied the effect on ACC of evaluated two drugs currently used in the pharmacological management of other tumours: ribociclib and trabectedin. Ribociclib is a member of the target-therapy family of drugs inhibiting CDK4/6. Evidence indicates cell cycle-targeted drugs, such as CDK4/6-inhibitors, as a potentially relevant therapeutic strategy in ACC. We evaluated the effect of ribociclib in cell models of ACC, both as a single treatment and in a combination context with mitotane and/or progesterone. The combination of ribociclib with hormone therapy is a strategy already used in other malignancies, such as in some types of breast cancer. Interestingly, our research group demonstrated at preclinical level a role of progesterone as ACC anticancer drug. Here we reported a cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity of ribociclib in ACC cell models. The effect on cell viability was enhanced when ribociclib was combined with progesterone and/or mitotane. The positive relationship underlined by our results between ribociclib, progesterone and mitotane strengthen the clinical potential of this combination. Trabectedin is a DNA-binding agent, with a complex mechanism of action, which also involves interaction with the tumour microenvironment. The DNA alkylation appears to be a critical point for the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect in ACC. We have previously demonstrated the long-lasting cytotoxic effect of trabectedin in several cell models of ACC. Furthermore, we reported an inhibitory effect on Wnt signalling pathway, a driver pathway of ACC, in the human ACC cell line NCI-H295R. Here we evaluated the effect of trabectedin on invasion/metastasis processes in different preclinical models of ACC. Xenograft experiments demonstrated that trabectedin significantly reduced the tumour area in each ACC cell model and metastasis formation in embryos injected with metastasis-derived cell lines. Trabectedin treatment reduced the invasiveness of ACC cells across the matrix, which was greater at baseline for the metastatic models. In metastatic cell models, protein analysis demonstrated a reduction of MMP2 secretion and activity in the culture medium after treatment. In conclusion, our results indicate that trabectedin interferes with invasiveness and metastasis processes, both dramatic feature of ACC.
Il carcinoma della corticale del surrene (ACC) è un tumore raro con una cattiva prognosi. L’approccio farmacologico all’ACC è basato sul mitotano (M) con/senza etoposide (E), doxorubicina (D) e cisplatino (C) (schema EDP-M), in base allo stadio della malattia. Considerata la limitata efficacia e la tossicità di questo trattamento, è richiesta l’individuazione di nuove strategie. Considerata l’eterogeneità dell’ACC, la mancanza di modelli cellulari derivanti da malattia metastatica/avanzata resistente ad EDP-M ha rappresentato un limite per decenni negli studi preclinici. Qui riportiamo lo sviluppo di una nuova linea cellulare di ACC, chiamata TVBF-7, derivante da un paziente con malattia metastatica in progressione dopo EDP-M. Le cellule TVBF-7 secernono quantità elevate di cortisolo e presentano una mutazione non senso nel gene APC. Utilizzando il modello sperimentale preclinico rappresentato dalle cellule TVBF-7 e altre linee cellulari, abbiamo studiato l’effetto di due farmaci in ACC attualmente utilizzati nel management farmacologico di altri tumori: ribociclib e trabectedina. Ribociclib è un membro della famiglia di farmaci della target-therapy che inibiscono CDK4/6. Vi sono evidenze che i farmaci che hanno come target il ciclo cellulare, quali gli inibitori di CDK4/6, rappresentino una strategia terapeutica potenzialmente rilevante nell’ACC. Abbiamo valutato l'effetto di ribociclib in modelli cellulari di ACC, sia come trattamento singolo che in combinazione con mitotano e/o progesterone. La combinazione di ribociclib con la terapia ormonale è una strategia già utilizzata in altre neoplasie, come in alcuni tipi di tumore al seno. È interessante notare che il nostro gruppo di ricerca ha dimostrato a livello preclinico un ruolo del progesterone come farmaco antitumorale per l'ACC. I risultati qui riportati indicano un'attività citotossica e antiproliferativa di ribociclib in modelli cellulari di ACC. L’effetto sulla vitalità cellulare è stato potenziato quando ribociclib è stato combinato con progesterone e/o mitotano. La relazione positiva tra ribociclib, mitotano e progesterone sottolineata dai nostri risultati rafforza il potenziale clinico di questa combinazione. La trabectedina è un agente legante il DNA, con un meccanismo d'azione complesso, che prevede anche l'interazione con il microambiente tumorale. L'alchilazione del DNA sembra essere un meccanismo critico per l'effetto citotossico e antiproliferativo in ACC. Precedentemente abbiamo dimostrato l'effetto citotossico a lunga durata della trabectedina in diversi modelli cellulari di ACC. Inoltre, abbiamo dimostrato un effetto inibitorio sul pathway di Wnt, un driver-pathway dell'ACC, nella linea cellulare di ACC umano NCI-H295R. Qui abbiamo valutato l'effetto della trabectedina sui processi di invasione/metastasi in diversi modelli preclinici di ACC. Gli esperimenti di xenotrapianto hanno dimostrato che la trabectedina riduce significativamente l'area tumorale per ciascun modello cellulare di ACC e la formazione di metastasi negli embrioni iniettati con linee cellulari derivate da metastasi. Il trattamento con trabectedina ha ridotto l’invasività delle cellule di ACC attraverso la matrice, la quale era maggiore al basale per i modelli metastatici. Nei modelli cellulari metastatici abbiamo dimostrato una riduzione della secrezione e dell'attività di MMP2 nel terreno di coltura dopo il trattamento. In conclusione, i nostri risultati indicano che la trabectedina interferisce con l’invasività ed i processi di metastasi, entrambi aspetti drammatici dell’ACC.
AdrenoCortical Carcinoma: in search of new pharmacological strategies / Abate, Andrea. - (2024 Jan 30).
AdrenoCortical Carcinoma: in search of new pharmacological strategies
Abate, Andrea
2024-01-30
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with a dismal prognosis. The pharmacological approach of ACC is based on mitotane (M) with/without etoposide (E), doxorubicin (D) and cisplatin (C) (the EDP-M scheme), according to the disease stage. Considering the limited efficacy and the toxicity of this treatment, new strategies are required. ACC is a heterogeneous tumour, thus, the paucity of ACC cell models arising from EDP-M-resistant metastatic/advanced disease has also been a limitation in the preclinical evaluation of new pharmacological strategies for decades. Here we report the development of a new ACC cell line, named TVBF-7, derived from a patient with metastatic disease progressing after EDP-M. TVBF-7 cells have been shown to secrete high amounts of cortisol and they harbors a nonsense mutation in APC gene. Using the preclinical experimental ACC cell models, namely TVBF-7 cells and other cell lines,we studied the effect on ACC of evaluated two drugs currently used in the pharmacological management of other tumours: ribociclib and trabectedin. Ribociclib is a member of the target-therapy family of drugs inhibiting CDK4/6. Evidence indicates cell cycle-targeted drugs, such as CDK4/6-inhibitors, as a potentially relevant therapeutic strategy in ACC. We evaluated the effect of ribociclib in cell models of ACC, both as a single treatment and in a combination context with mitotane and/or progesterone. The combination of ribociclib with hormone therapy is a strategy already used in other malignancies, such as in some types of breast cancer. Interestingly, our research group demonstrated at preclinical level a role of progesterone as ACC anticancer drug. Here we reported a cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity of ribociclib in ACC cell models. The effect on cell viability was enhanced when ribociclib was combined with progesterone and/or mitotane. The positive relationship underlined by our results between ribociclib, progesterone and mitotane strengthen the clinical potential of this combination. Trabectedin is a DNA-binding agent, with a complex mechanism of action, which also involves interaction with the tumour microenvironment. The DNA alkylation appears to be a critical point for the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect in ACC. We have previously demonstrated the long-lasting cytotoxic effect of trabectedin in several cell models of ACC. Furthermore, we reported an inhibitory effect on Wnt signalling pathway, a driver pathway of ACC, in the human ACC cell line NCI-H295R. Here we evaluated the effect of trabectedin on invasion/metastasis processes in different preclinical models of ACC. Xenograft experiments demonstrated that trabectedin significantly reduced the tumour area in each ACC cell model and metastasis formation in embryos injected with metastasis-derived cell lines. Trabectedin treatment reduced the invasiveness of ACC cells across the matrix, which was greater at baseline for the metastatic models. In metastatic cell models, protein analysis demonstrated a reduction of MMP2 secretion and activity in the culture medium after treatment. In conclusion, our results indicate that trabectedin interferes with invasiveness and metastasis processes, both dramatic feature of ACC.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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