The aim of this research is to investigate multi motor electric traction which is already successfully applied on some full electric high level sports cars. Beyond the well-known benefits of electric powertrains in terms of environmental impact, the peculiar torque curve of electric motors for automotive applications offers extensive opportunities for improved vehicle dynamics control and active safety. It is also possible to customize the response of the vehicle to the driver’s inputs according to his needs and depending on the environmental conditions, which is already a very current market trend but that traditional powertrains allow in a limited way. Active safety for road production cars is in continuous development in order to prevent accidents and make everyday cars safer because in Europe, USA and Japan road accidents are still the leading cause of death for young people. The so called torque vectoring (TV), through the application of different tractive forces on each wheel, can create an active yaw moment able to influence the vehicle dynamics, hence making it safer. On the other hand, the ever-high level of emissions and the low efficiency typical of thermal engines is pushing the world of the automobile towards electrification, according to a process that now seems well defined from today to 2035. It is possible to see a great potential in the integration of these two needs, safety and electrification, taking advantage of the better control opportunities offered by electric motors: The creation of a Vehicle Control Unit (VCU) with all safety systems directly implemented in the control logics of electric motors. The first applications could be on multi-motor electric supercars that are particularly complex because the dynamics of innovative powertrains can be perceived as not-so-fun-to-drive or even frustrating by car enthusiasts or even by the daily user. Emotional aspects should not be ignored as they can literally drive the potential customer in the complex process of choosing a brand new car, thus playing a major role in marketing. Last but not least, the effects of State-of-Charge (SoC) and environmental factors on battery performance have been studied. Fixing the mission of the vehicle is essential to be able to properly size the battery pack. The autonomy of an electric vehicle is strongly influenced by regen strategy in braking, technical characteristics such as installed power, mass, transmission ratio, the distribution of the traction between front and rear but it is also influenced by the parameters that change during the car’s motion such as the aerodynamic drag, the temperature of the battery... Therefore it is essential to carry out a series of sensitivity analysis to help the engineers to find the best compromise between all the variables involved and to evaluate the feasibility of control strategies to promote energy saving or performance depending on the driver needs. The research involves an interdisciplinary approach because it involves aspects typical of the dynamics of the vehicle, active safety, control strategies, implementation of electric motors and also a subjective-objective correlation regarding the perception of the driver.
Lo scopo di questa ricerca è quello di studiare la trazione elettrica multi motore che è già applicata con successo su alcune auto sportive di alto livello completamente elettriche. Oltre ai ben noti vantaggi dei gruppi motopropulsori elettrici in termini di impatto ambientale, essi sono caratterizzati da una curva di coppia che, in applicazioni automobilistiche, offre ampie opportunità per un migliore controllo dinamico dei veicoli e sicurezza attiva. È anche possibile personalizzare la risposta del veicolo agli input del conducente in base alle esigenze del guidatore ed alle condizioni ambientali, che è già un trend di mercato molto attuale ma che i propulsori tradizionali consentono in modo limitato. La sicurezza attiva per i veicoli di produzione stradale è in continuo sviluppo per prevenire gli incidenti e rendere più sicure le auto di tutti i giorni perché in Europa, Stati Uniti e Giappone gli incidenti stradali sono ancora la prima causa di morte per i giovani. Il cosiddetto torque vectoring (TV), attraverso l'applicazione di diverse forze di trazione su ogni ruota, può creare un momento di imbardata attivo in grado di influenzare le dinamiche del veicolo, rendendolo quindi più sicuro. D'altra parte, il livello sempre elevato di emissioni e la bassa efficienza tipica dei motori termici sta spingendo il mondo dell'automobile verso l'elettrificazione, secondo un processo che ora sembra ben definito da oggi al 2035. È possibile vedere un grande potenziale nell'integrazione di queste due esigenze, sicurezza ed elettrificazione, sfruttando le migliori opportunità di controllo offerte dai motori elettrici attraverso la creazione di una centralina di controllo veicolo (VCU) con tutti i sistemi di sicurezza direttamente implementati nelle logiche di controllo dei motori elettrici. Le prime applicazioni potrebbero essere su supercar elettriche multi-motore, particolarmente complesse, perché le dinamiche dei propulsori innovativi possono essere percepite come non così divertenti da guidare o addirittura frustranti dagli appassionati di auto o persino dall'utente quotidiano. Gli aspetti emotivi non dovrebbero essere ignorati in quanto possono letteralmente guidare il potenziale cliente nel complesso processo di scelta di un'auto nuova, giocando così un ruolo importante nel marketing. Infine, sono stati studiati gli effetti dello stato di carica (SoC) e i fattori ambientali sulle prestazioni delle batterie. Fissare la missione del veicolo è essenziale per essere in grado di dimensionare correttamente la batteria. L'autonomia di un veicolo elettrico è fortemente influenzata dalla strategia rigenerativa in frenata, dalle caratteristiche tecniche come potenza installata, massa, rapporto di trasmissione, dalla distribuzione della trazione tra anteriore e posteriore ma anche dai parametri che cambiano durante il movimento della vettura come la resistenza aerodinamica, la temperatura delle batterie… È quindi fondamentale effettuare una serie di analisi di sensibilità per aiutare gli ingegneri a trovare il miglior compromesso tra tutte le variabili coinvolte e valutare la fattibilità delle strategie di controllo per promuovere il risparmio energetico o le prestazioni a seconda delle esigenze del conducente. La ricerca prevede un approccio interdisciplinare perché coinvolge aspetti tipici della dinamica del veicolo, sicurezza attiva, strategie di controllo, implementazione di motori elettrici e anche una correlazione soggettivo-oggettiva rispetto alla percezione del conducente.
Electric traction for a multi-motor vehicle: Research for active safety and energy efficiency / Bonera, Emanuele. - (2022 Sep 16).
Electric traction for a multi-motor vehicle: Research for active safety and energy efficiency
BONERA, EMANUELE
2022-09-16
Abstract
The aim of this research is to investigate multi motor electric traction which is already successfully applied on some full electric high level sports cars. Beyond the well-known benefits of electric powertrains in terms of environmental impact, the peculiar torque curve of electric motors for automotive applications offers extensive opportunities for improved vehicle dynamics control and active safety. It is also possible to customize the response of the vehicle to the driver’s inputs according to his needs and depending on the environmental conditions, which is already a very current market trend but that traditional powertrains allow in a limited way. Active safety for road production cars is in continuous development in order to prevent accidents and make everyday cars safer because in Europe, USA and Japan road accidents are still the leading cause of death for young people. The so called torque vectoring (TV), through the application of different tractive forces on each wheel, can create an active yaw moment able to influence the vehicle dynamics, hence making it safer. On the other hand, the ever-high level of emissions and the low efficiency typical of thermal engines is pushing the world of the automobile towards electrification, according to a process that now seems well defined from today to 2035. It is possible to see a great potential in the integration of these two needs, safety and electrification, taking advantage of the better control opportunities offered by electric motors: The creation of a Vehicle Control Unit (VCU) with all safety systems directly implemented in the control logics of electric motors. The first applications could be on multi-motor electric supercars that are particularly complex because the dynamics of innovative powertrains can be perceived as not-so-fun-to-drive or even frustrating by car enthusiasts or even by the daily user. Emotional aspects should not be ignored as they can literally drive the potential customer in the complex process of choosing a brand new car, thus playing a major role in marketing. Last but not least, the effects of State-of-Charge (SoC) and environmental factors on battery performance have been studied. Fixing the mission of the vehicle is essential to be able to properly size the battery pack. The autonomy of an electric vehicle is strongly influenced by regen strategy in braking, technical characteristics such as installed power, mass, transmission ratio, the distribution of the traction between front and rear but it is also influenced by the parameters that change during the car’s motion such as the aerodynamic drag, the temperature of the battery... Therefore it is essential to carry out a series of sensitivity analysis to help the engineers to find the best compromise between all the variables involved and to evaluate the feasibility of control strategies to promote energy saving or performance depending on the driver needs. The research involves an interdisciplinary approach because it involves aspects typical of the dynamics of the vehicle, active safety, control strategies, implementation of electric motors and also a subjective-objective correlation regarding the perception of the driver.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi_dottorato_FINE.pdf
Open Access dal 16/09/2024
Descrizione: Tesi dottorato Emanuele Bonera - 81941
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Tesi di dottorato
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