Integrating Circular Economy Indicators into BIM: Insights from a Stakeholder Survey

Advancing circularity in the built environment requires harmonised methods for defining and managing Circular Economy (CE) indicators throughout the project lifecycle. This paper presents a structured survey-based investigation into current practices, data requirements, and digital workflows associated with CE assessment in construction. It also provides a survey-based investigation of stakeholder perspectives, data requirements, and digital workflows related to the integration of CE indicators into Building Information Modelling (BIM) environments. The survey engaged stakeholders from Portugal, Serbia, and Romania to examine barriers, data structures, and reporting needs associated with CE–BIM integration. The findings show that CE indicators are mainly assessed during early design stages, while lifecycle-wide BIM integration remains limited due to fragmented data structures, insufficient standardisation, and unclear regulatory guidance. Unlike studies focused mainly on technical BIM functionalities, this paper provides stakeholder-driven insights and policy-oriented recommendations to support future harmonisation of CE–BIM practices and lifecycle data management.