Strategic Classification of the Integration Between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Building Information Modelling (BIM): Opportunities and Future Challenges

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) represents a promising but complex frontier in the construction industry. While BIM has already transformed construction workflows through digitalization and lifecycle management, AI has the potential to further advance automation, optimization, and data-driven decision-making. This study aims to provide a systematic classification of AI applications within BIM, identifying four key categories: AI as a digital consultant, collaborative interface, process regulator, and process outcome. Through a scientometric analysis of literature and structured mapping of existing software, the paper evaluates the state-of-the-art, exploring the capabilities and limitations of current solutions. Results highlight how AI + BIM tools are transforming various lifecycle stages, from conceptual design to construction and operations. However, challenges remain, including the lack of standardization, risks related to data security, and the balance between automation and human oversight. This classification framework not only structures existing knowledge but also directs future research and applications, encouraging critical reflection on AI’s role in advancing BIM methodologies while considering its implications for transparency, efficiency, and technological governance.