The Census of Rural Architecture in Italy: a Replicable Model for the Cataloguing

The Italian landscape is enriched by rural architecture, which is a fundamental element and a valuable cultural asset. Despite increasing interest, research in this field struggles to establish itself as an autonomous discipline. This paper proposes a methodological model that can be replicated for the census and cataloging of rural architecture, emphasizing its historical, cultural, and environmental significance. The aim is to provide a systematic framework for analyzing and preserving these structures by integrating historical, typological, and territorial data into a coherent system of knowledge and valorization. Since the early 20th century, the study of architecture has expanded to include vernacular buildings alongside monumental ones. Scholars such as Giuseppe Pagano, Bernard Rudofsky, and Amos Rapoport emphasized the significance of spontaneous rural constructions in shaping sustainable and context-driven architectural practices. Today, rural architecture is increasingly recognized for its role in landscape conservation and sustainable development. The Italian Ministry of Culture and PNRR have promoted the National Rural Architecture Census, which aims to identify and document various types of rural buildings across Italy. The goal is to compile around 50,000 cataloging forms, divided into eight regional lots, with the help of the Central Institute for Cataloging and Documentation (ICCD). The AR (Rural Architecture) form provides a systematic classification of buildings constructed up to 1940, gathering essential data on architectural typology, construction techniques, materials, and conservation status. By completing this census, we can safeguard rural architecture and create a model for cataloging vernacular heritage that can be replicated. The project's aim is to combine historical research with innovative tools to foster interdisciplinary approaches that support the conservation and sustainable reuse of rural structures, guaranteeing their transmission to future generations.