Remanufacturing and Product-Service Systems for the Circular Economy: A Business Model Analysis

Climate change and environmental pressures are pushing companies to adopt Circular Economy (CE) business models based on remanufacturing and on the provision of Product-Service Systems (PSS). However, specific guidelines on how to implement these business models are lacking. Thus, this paper aims to analyze CE business models based on remanufacturing and PSS, to define a full list of key recurrent and common elements that are needed to setup these specific business models. A multiple case study analysis is carried out, and a full list of configuration options for both remanufacturing and PSS business models is drafted. Results can help manufacturing companies in reshaping their value proposition, value delivery, value creation and value capture towards a CE based on remanufacturing and PSS.