This chapter is devoted to electromagnetism in deformable media. As with any model of material behaviour, the constitutive laws are required to be consistent with the second law of thermodynamics and to comply with the objectivity requirements. Electromagnetism in the matter is obviously based on Maxwell’s equations as the fundamental set of equations governing electromagnetic phenomena. Maxwell’s equations are complemented by the balance equations where the electromagnetic fields enter the balance of linear momentum, angular momentum, and energy. Constitutive laws are needed to express the properties of the material and describe the interaction between the field and matter. Since the electromagnetic fields are dependent on the frame of reference, an appropriate approach to the modelling of electromagnetic media should involve the fields at rest with the body at the point under consideration. Hence attention is mainly restricted to the fields at the frame at rest, at the pertinent point. The models developed in this chapter describe various material properties and applied electromagnetic fields. The general subject of electroelasticity allows us to investigate piezoelectric materials and deformable dielectrics. Magnetoelasticity allows the modelling of magnetic refrigeration. Micromagnetics is viewed as a particle-like scheme leading to rate-type equations for the magnetization. Ferrofluids are modelled as a mixture where the ferromagnetic particles are a micropolar constituent. A magnetoelastic material allows us to describe the effects of an applied magnetic field on the propagation of electric wave fields. Plasmas, i.e. ionized gases with free electrons and ions, are viewed as both binary mixtures and one-fluid thus leading to the magneto-hydrodynamic equations. Further chiral media are investigated through classical models of the literature to explain the phenomenon of optical activity. Ferrites are described as magnetic materials acted upon by a constant field; a superposed circularly polarized wave is found to propagate at different speeds depending on the direction of propagation.
Electromagnetism of Continuous Media
Giorgi C.
2023-01-01
Abstract
This chapter is devoted to electromagnetism in deformable media. As with any model of material behaviour, the constitutive laws are required to be consistent with the second law of thermodynamics and to comply with the objectivity requirements. Electromagnetism in the matter is obviously based on Maxwell’s equations as the fundamental set of equations governing electromagnetic phenomena. Maxwell’s equations are complemented by the balance equations where the electromagnetic fields enter the balance of linear momentum, angular momentum, and energy. Constitutive laws are needed to express the properties of the material and describe the interaction between the field and matter. Since the electromagnetic fields are dependent on the frame of reference, an appropriate approach to the modelling of electromagnetic media should involve the fields at rest with the body at the point under consideration. Hence attention is mainly restricted to the fields at the frame at rest, at the pertinent point. The models developed in this chapter describe various material properties and applied electromagnetic fields. The general subject of electroelasticity allows us to investigate piezoelectric materials and deformable dielectrics. Magnetoelasticity allows the modelling of magnetic refrigeration. Micromagnetics is viewed as a particle-like scheme leading to rate-type equations for the magnetization. Ferrofluids are modelled as a mixture where the ferromagnetic particles are a micropolar constituent. A magnetoelastic material allows us to describe the effects of an applied magnetic field on the propagation of electric wave fields. Plasmas, i.e. ionized gases with free electrons and ions, are viewed as both binary mixtures and one-fluid thus leading to the magneto-hydrodynamic equations. Further chiral media are investigated through classical models of the literature to explain the phenomenon of optical activity. Ferrites are described as magnetic materials acted upon by a constant field; a superposed circularly polarized wave is found to propagate at different speeds depending on the direction of propagation.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
