Between the Summer of 1943 and the end of 1945 a special Anglo-American Army Division was operating in Italy with the aim to protect and salvage the Italian cultural heritage threatened by the war. The “Monuments, Fine Arts and Archives Sub-Commission” (MFA&A S/C), which included prominent Anglo-American museum directors, art historians, archaeologists and scholars wearing the Army uniforms of their countries, was established not only to indicate the damage, loss, or survival of historic monuments and collections but also to create a complete photographic record of its activities in the field. A large set of photographs as well as the reports and documentation produced by the MFA&A S/C were deposited in the British School at Rome (BSR) Archives thanks to the dual role played by John-Bryan Ward-Perkins as BSR Director (1945) and Director of the MFA&A S/C in Italy (July 1945). They therefore represent an outstanding source of data to inform and build current best practices with regard to Cultural Heritage. The purpose of this paper is to bring these archival resources to the attention of a broader audience and to reflect on the importance of archives in preserving such valuable records. The images, linked to field reports by MFA&A Officers during their surveys, help to visually restore the destruction scenario and the scale of the efforts that were made to recover the cultural patrimony affected by World War II. These resources can still contribute to building best practices by consolidating those historical traditions that are significant for the preservation and protection of our Cultural Heritage in today’s armed conflicts. Entre el verano de 1943 y el final de 1945, una división especial del ejército angloamericano operaba en Italia con el intento de proteger y salvar el legado cultural italiano, amenazado por la guerra. Se fundó el “Monuments, Fine Arts and Archives Sub-Commission” (MFA&A S/C) cuyos participantes vestían uniforme de sus respectivos países y agrupaba directores de importantes museos anglo americanos, historiadores de arte, arqueólogos y académicos. El objetivo de este Comité no sólo era de informar de los danos, las perdidas o la supervivencia de monumentos históricos y colecciones de arte, sino también crear una completa documentación fotografica de sus actividades en este ámbito. Una gran cantidad de fotos, así como de informes y documentación producidas por el MFA&A S/C, fueron depositadas en los archivos del British School at Rome (BSR), gracias al doble rol en que, en 1945, se encontró a jugar el director del BSR, John Bryan Ward-Perkins, al ser nominado también director del MFA&A S/C en Julio del ’45. La finalidad de este ensayo es de llamar mayor atención sobre estos recursos de archivo y enfocar sobre la importancia de la función de los Archivos mismos en preservar esta valiosa información. Las imágenes, acopladas a los informes de los oficiales del MFA&A S/C durante sus inspecciones, nos devuelven una idea visual del escenario de destrucción y los esfuerzos y medidas puestos en práctica para rescatar el patrimonio cultural afectado por la segunda guerra mundial.

Recomposing history through images. War damage to Italian cultural heritage in World War II through the Ward-Perkins Photographic Collection at the British School at Rome (BSR): new avenues of in-depth analysis

Coccoli Carlotta;
2022-01-01

Abstract

Between the Summer of 1943 and the end of 1945 a special Anglo-American Army Division was operating in Italy with the aim to protect and salvage the Italian cultural heritage threatened by the war. The “Monuments, Fine Arts and Archives Sub-Commission” (MFA&A S/C), which included prominent Anglo-American museum directors, art historians, archaeologists and scholars wearing the Army uniforms of their countries, was established not only to indicate the damage, loss, or survival of historic monuments and collections but also to create a complete photographic record of its activities in the field. A large set of photographs as well as the reports and documentation produced by the MFA&A S/C were deposited in the British School at Rome (BSR) Archives thanks to the dual role played by John-Bryan Ward-Perkins as BSR Director (1945) and Director of the MFA&A S/C in Italy (July 1945). They therefore represent an outstanding source of data to inform and build current best practices with regard to Cultural Heritage. The purpose of this paper is to bring these archival resources to the attention of a broader audience and to reflect on the importance of archives in preserving such valuable records. The images, linked to field reports by MFA&A Officers during their surveys, help to visually restore the destruction scenario and the scale of the efforts that were made to recover the cultural patrimony affected by World War II. These resources can still contribute to building best practices by consolidating those historical traditions that are significant for the preservation and protection of our Cultural Heritage in today’s armed conflicts. Entre el verano de 1943 y el final de 1945, una división especial del ejército angloamericano operaba en Italia con el intento de proteger y salvar el legado cultural italiano, amenazado por la guerra. Se fundó el “Monuments, Fine Arts and Archives Sub-Commission” (MFA&A S/C) cuyos participantes vestían uniforme de sus respectivos países y agrupaba directores de importantes museos anglo americanos, historiadores de arte, arqueólogos y académicos. El objetivo de este Comité no sólo era de informar de los danos, las perdidas o la supervivencia de monumentos históricos y colecciones de arte, sino también crear una completa documentación fotografica de sus actividades en este ámbito. Una gran cantidad de fotos, así como de informes y documentación producidas por el MFA&A S/C, fueron depositadas en los archivos del British School at Rome (BSR), gracias al doble rol en que, en 1945, se encontró a jugar el director del BSR, John Bryan Ward-Perkins, al ser nominado también director del MFA&A S/C en Julio del ’45. La finalidad de este ensayo es de llamar mayor atención sobre estos recursos de archivo y enfocar sobre la importancia de la función de los Archivos mismos en preservar esta valiosa información. Las imágenes, acopladas a los informes de los oficiales del MFA&A S/C durante sus inspecciones, nos devuelven una idea visual del escenario de destrucción y los esfuerzos y medidas puestos en práctica para rescatar el patrimonio cultural afectado por la segunda guerra mundial.
2022
978-84-8480-576-2
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11379/561175
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